PHP编程 第3版 影印版 英文PDF电子书下载

1．Introduction to PHP 1

What Does PHP Do? 1

A Brief History of PHP 2

The Evolution of PHP 2

The Widespread Use of PHP 6

Installing PHP 7

A Walk Through PHP 7

Configuration Page 8

Forms 9

Databases 10

Graphics 13

2．Language Basics 15

Lexical Structure 15

Case Sensitivity 15

Statements and Semicolons 15

Whitespace and Line Breaks 16

Comments 17

Literals 20

Identifiers 20

Keywords 21

Data Types 22

Integers 22

Floating-Point Numbers 23

Strings 24

Booleans 25

Arrays 26

Objects 27

Resources 28

Callbacks 29

NULL 29

Variables 29

Variable Variables 30

Variable References 30

Variable Scope 31

Garbage Collection 33

Expressions and Operators 34

Number of Operands 36

Operator Precedence 36

Operator Associativity 37

Implicit Casting 37

Arithmetic Operators 38

String Concatenation Operator 38

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Operators 39

Comparison Operators 40

Bitwise Operators 41

Logical Operators 43

Casting Operators 43

Assignment Operators 45

Miscellaneous Operators 46

Flow-Control Statements 47

if 47

switch 49

while 51

for 53

foreach 54

try...catch 55

declare 55

exit and return 56

goto 56

Including Code 57

Embedding PHP in Web Pages 58

Standard(XML)Style 59

SGML Style 60

ASP Style 61

Script Style 61

Echoing Content Directly 61

3．Functions 63

Calling a Function 63

Defining a Function 64

Variable Scope 66

Global Variables 67

Static Variables 68

Function Parameters 68

Passing Parameters by Value 69

Passing Parameters by Reference 69

Default Parameters 70

Variable Parameters 70

Missing Parameters 71

Type Hinting 72

Return Values 72

Variable Functions 73

Anonymous Functions 74

4．Strings 77

Quoting String Constants 77

Variable Interpolation 77

Single-Quoted Strings 78

Double-Quoted Strings 78

Here Documents 79

Printing Strings 80

echo 81

print() 81

printf() 81

print_r() and var_dump() 83

Accessing Individual Characters 85

Cleaning Strings 85

Removing Whitespace 85

Changing Case 86

Encoding and Escaping 86

HTML 87

URLs 89

SQL 90

C-String Encoding 91

Comparing Strings 92

Exact Comparisons 92

Approximate Equality 93

Manipulating and Searching Strings 94

Substrings 95

Miscellaneous String Functions 96

Decomposing a String 97

String-Searching Functions 98

Regular Expressions 100

The Basics 101

Character Classes 102

Alternatives 103

Repeating Sequences 103

Subpatterns 104

Delimiters 104

Match Behavior 105

Character Classes 105

Anchors 106

Quantifiers and Greed 107

Noncapturing Groups 108

Backreferences 108

Trailing Options 108

Inline Options 109

Lookahead and Lookbehind 110

Cut 111

Conditional Expressions 112

Functions 112

Differences from Perl Regular Expressions 117

5．Arrays 119

Indexed Versus Associative Arrays 119

Identifying Elements of an Array 120

Storing Data in Arrays 120

Adding Values to the End of an Array 122

Assigning a Range of Values 122

Getting the Size of an Array 122

Padding an Array 122

Multidimensional Arrays 123

Extracting Multiple Values 123

Slicing an Array 124

Splitting an Array into Chunks 125

Keys and Values 125

Checking Whether an Element Exists 126

Removing and Inserting Elements in an Array 126

Converting Between Arrays and Variables 128

Creating Variables from an Array 128

Creating an Array from Variables 128

Traversing Arrays 129

The foreach Construct 129

The Iterator Functions 130

Using a for Loop 131

Calling a Function for Each Array Element 131

Reducing an Array 132

Searching for Values 133

Sorting 134

Sorting One Array at a Time 135

Natural-Order Sorting 137

Sorting Multiple Arrays at Once 137

Reversing Arrays 138

Randomizing Order 139

Acting on Entire Arrays 139

Calculating the Sum of an Array 139

Merging Two Arrays 140

Calculating the Difference Between Two Arrays 140

Filtering Elements from an Array 141

Using Arrays 141

Sets 141

Stacks 142

Iterator Interface 143

6．Objects 147

Terminology 148

Creating an Object 148

Accessing Properties and Methods 149

Declaring a Class 150

Declaring Methods 151

Declaring Properties 153

Declaring Constants 155

Inheritance 155

Interfaces 156

Traits 157

Abstract Methods 160

Constructors 161

Destructors 162

Introspection 163

Examining Classes 163

Examining an Object 164

Sample Introspection Program 165

Serialization 169

7．Web Techniques 173

HTTP Basics 173

Variables 174

Server Information 175

Processing Forms 177

Methods 177

Parameters 178

Self-Processing Pages 180

Sticky Forms 182

Multivalued Parameters 182

Sticky Multivalued Parameters 185

File Uploads 186

Form Validation 187

Setting Response Headers 189

Different Content Types 190

Redirections 190

Expiration 191

Authentication 191

Maintaining State 192

Cookies 193

Sessions 197

Combining Cookies and Sessions 199

SSL 200

8．Databases 203

Using PHP to Access a Database 203

Relational Databases and SQL 204

PHP Data Objects 205

MySQLi Object Interface 208

Retrieving Data for Display 209

SQLite 211

Direct File-Level Manipulation 214

MongoDB 222

Retrieving Data 224

Inserting More Complex Data 226

9．Graphics 229

Embedding an Image in a Page 229

Basic Graphics Concepts 230

Creating and Drawing Images 231

The Structure of a Graphics Program 232

Changing the Output Format 233

Testing for Supported Image Formats 233

Reading an Existing File 234

Basic Drawing Functions 234

Images with Text 236

Fonts 236

TrueType Fonts 237

Dynamically Generated Buttons 239

Caching the Dynamically Generated Buttons 240

A Faster Cache 241

Scaling Images 243

Color Handling 244

Using the Alpha Channel 245

Identifying Colors 246

True Color Indexes 247

Text Representation of an Image 248

10．PDF 251

PDF Extensions 251

Documents and Pages 251

A Simple Example 252

Initializing the Document 252

Outputting Basic Text Cells 253

Text 253

Coordinates 253

Text Attributes 255

Page Headers,Footers,and Class Extension 258

Images and Links 260

Tables and Data 263

11．XML 267

Lightning Guide to XML 267

Generating XML 269

Parsing XML 270

Element Handlers 271

Character Data Handler 272

Processing Instructions 272

Entity Handlers 273

Default Handler 275

Options 275

Using the Parser 276

Errors 278

Methods as Handlers 278

Sample Parsing Application 279

Parsing XML with DOM 283

Parsing XML with SimpleXML 284

Transforming XML with XSLT 285

12．Security 289

Filter Input 289

Cross-Site Scripting 292

SQL Injection 292

Escape Output 294

Filenames 298

Session Fixation 299

File Uploads 300

Distrust Browser-Supplied Filenames 300

Beware of Filling Your Filesystem 301

Surviving register_globals 301

File Access 301

Restrict Filesystem Access to a Specific Directory 302

Get It Right the First Time 302

Don't Use Files 303

Session Files 303

Concealing PHP Libraries 304

PHP Code 304

Shell Commands 305

More Information 306

Security Recap 306

13．Application Techniques 309

Code Libraries 309

Templating Systems 310

Handling Output 313

Output Buffering 313

Compressing Output 315

Error Handling 315

Error Reporting 316

Error Suppression 317

Triggering Errors 317

Defining Error Handlers 318

Performance Tuning 321

Benchmarking 322

Profiling 324

Optimizing Execution Time 325

Optimizing Memory Requirements 325

Reverse Proxies and Replication 326

14．PHP on Disparate Platforms 329

Writing Portable Code for Windows and Unix 329

Determining the Platform 330

Handling Paths Across Platforms 330

The Server Environment 330

Sending Mail 331

End-of-Line Handling 331

End-of-File Handling 332

External Commands 332

Common Platform-Specific Extensions 332

Interfacing with COM 333

Background 333

PHP Functions 335

Determining the API 335

15．Web Services 337

REST Clients 337

Responses 339

Retrieving Resources 341

Updating Resources 342

Creating Resources 343

Deleting Resources 344

XML-RPC 344

Servers 344

Clients 346

16．Debugging PHP 349

The Development Environment 349

The Staging Environment 350

The Production Environment 351

php.ini Settings 351

Manual Debugging 353

Error Log 355

IDE Debugging 355

Additional Debugging Techniques 357

17．Dates and Times 359

Appendix:Function Reference 363

Index 491