英语语言学PDF电子书下载

Unit 1 The Origin of and Design Features of Language 1

1.1 The Origin of Language 1

1.2 The Design Features of Language 5

Unit 2 The Nature of Linguistics 11

2.1 Definition of Linguistics 11

2.2 Some Basic Distinctions in Linguistics 12

2.3 Major Branches of General Linguistics 22

2.4 Application of Linguistics 26

2.5 The Data of Linguistics 38

Unit 3 Major Modern Schools of Linguistics 43

3.1 Introduction 43

3.2 The Prague School 46

3.3 Structuralism and American Structuralism 50

3.4 Transformational-Generative Linguistics 55

3.5 Other Current Theories 63

3.6 Earlier Post-structuralist Theories 71

Unit 4 The History of English 76

4.1 Introduction 76

4.2 Ancestry of English 78

4.3 Old English 79

4.4 Middle English 84

4.5 Early Modern English(1500～1650) 90

4.6 Late Modern English(1650～1800) 94

4.7 Present-day English(1800～) 96

Unit 5 Phonetics 101

5.1 The Phonic Medium of Language 101

5.2 What Is Phonetics? 102

5.3 The Speech Organs 103

5.4 Consonants 106

5.5 Vowels 111

5.6 Transcription of Speech Sounds 114

Unit 6 Phonology 117

6.1 Definition 117

6.2 Phonemes and Allophones 118

6.3 Recognition of a Phoneme 119

6.4 Sounds Distribution 119

6.5 Phonological Rules 121

6.6 Supresegmental Phonemes 124

Unit 7 Morphology 129

7.1 Definition 129

7.2 Internal Structure of Words 129

7.3 Word Formation Rules 135

Unit 8 Syntax 141

8.1 Definition 141

8.2 The Traditional Approach 142

8.3 The Structural Approach 148

8.4 The Transformational-Generative Approach 158

Unit 9 Introduction to Three Major Schools of Grammar(Traditional,Structural,TG) 165

9.1 Traditional Grammar 165

9.2 American Structuralism 170

9.3 Transformational-Generative Grammar 175

Unit 10 Semantics 189

10.1 Definition 189

10.2 Some Views on"Meaning" 190

10.3 Types of Meaning 198

10.4 Word Meaning 199

10.5 Sense Relations between Sentences 210

Unit 11 Pragmatics 218

11.1 Definition 218

11.2 Deictics 219

11.3 Speech Act Theory 220

11.4 The Cooperative Principle 225

11.5 The Politeness Principle 228

Unit 12 Stylistics 232

12.1 Introduction 232

12.2 The Concept of"Style" 236

12.3 Levels of Style 241

12.4 Phonological Features and Style 242

12.5 Graphological Features and Style 248

12.6 Syntactic Features and Style 251

12.7 Lexical Features and Style 256

Unit 13 Second Language Acquisition 261

13.1 Definition 261

13.2 Schools of Thought Concerning First Language Acquisition 261

13.3 Stages in Child Language Acquisition 264

13.4 More about Stages in Child Language Acquisition 266

13.5 Interlanguage 268

13.6 Error Analysis 269

13.7 Learning Strategies 271

Unit 14 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching 275

14.1 Traditional Grammar and Its Influence on Foreign Language Teaching 275

14.2 Modern Linguistic Theories and Their Influence on Language Teaching 276

14.3 Communicative Competence 279

14.4 Syllabus 280

14.5 Testing 285

Unit 15 Language as Communication 288

15.1 Introduction 288

15.2 Functions of Ianguage 289

15.3 Language as a Human Communication System 292

15.4 Other Communication Systems 311

Bibliography 313