托福考试综合教程PDF电子书下载

SECTION ONE：READING 1

READING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 2

Aggression 3

READING OVERVIEW 6

Improving Reading Comprehension 8

Improving Vocabulary Skills 9

READING SKILLS 10

VOCABULARY AND REFERENCE 10

SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND VOCABULARY FROM CONTEXT 10

The Great Red Spot on Jupiter 12

Reading Exercise 1 15

Air Pollution 15

Autism 17

Parasitic Plants 19

Edna Ferber 20

SKILL 2 RECOGNIZE REFERENTS 22

Tornadoes 23

Reading Exercise 2 26

Collective Behavior 26

The Smartphone Revolution 27

New World Epidemics 29

Horatio Alger,Jr. 30

Reading Exercise（Skills 1-2） 32

Coral Colonies 32

SENTENCES 34

SKILL 3 RECOGNIZE PARAPHRASES 34

The Moho 34

Reading Exercise 3 37

Camouflage 37

Post-it？Notes 39

The Pulitzer Prize 41

Competition and Cooperation 43

SKILL 4 INSERT SENTENCES INTO THE PASSAGE 45

Games 46

Reading Exercise 4 50

Popcorn 50

Lions 51

Accidental Inventions 52

Neon 54

Reading Exercise（Skills 3-4） 55

Theodore Dreiser 55

Reading Review Exercise（Skills 1-4） 57

Pulsars 57

SKILL 5 FIND FACTUAL INFORMATION 59

Ghost Words 60

Reading Exercise 5 63

Lake Baikal 63

The Postage Stamp 64

The Clovis Culture 66

Brown Dwarfs 68

SKILL 6 IDENTIFY NEGATIVE FACTS 69

Moonbows 70

Reading Exercise 6 73

Flatfish 73

Limestone Caves 75

Chewing Gum 76

Dissociative Identity Disorder 78

Reading Exercise（Skills 5-6） 80

John Muir 80

Reading Review Exercise（Skills 1-6） 82

Caretaker Speech 82

SKILL 7 MAKE INFERENCES FROM STATED FACTS 84

The History of Money 87

Reading Exercise 7 90

Tiger Moths 90

The Cambrian Explosion 91

The Golden Age of Comics 93

The Filibuster 95

SKILL 8 INFER RHETORICAL PURPOSE QUESTIONS 97

The Magnetosphere 97

Reading Exercise 8 101

Xerography 101

Demographic Change 103

The Hubble Telescope 104

Territoriality 106

Reading Exercise（Skills 7-8） 108

Ella Deloria 108

Reading Review Exercise（Skills 1-8） 110

Early Autos 110

SKILL 9 SELECT SUMMARY INFORMATION 113

The Great Compromise 113

Reading Exercise 9 117

Island Plant Life 117

Ben and Jerry's 118

The Bald Eagle 119

Modernism in Art 121

SKILL 10 COMPLETE ORGANIZATIONAL（SCHEMATIC）TABLES 122

Pterosaurs 123

Reading Exercise 10 126

Sand Dunes 126

Etymology of Words 127

Carnivorous Plants 129

Hemingway and Faulkner 130

Reading Exercise（Skills 9-10） 131

Species 131

Reading Review Exercise（Skills 1-10） 133

Decisions 133

READING POST-TEST 136

Aquatic Schools 137

SECTION TWO：LISTENING 141

LISTENING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 142

A Problem with a Class 143

Sleep 144

LISTENING OVERVIEW 145

LISTENING SKILLS 147

BASIC COMPREHENSION 147

SKILL 1 UNDERSTAND THE GIST 147

A Comprehensive Exam 147

The Beat Generation 149

Listening Exercise 1 152

An Engineering Course 152

The Grade Report 152

Lakes 153

Meteorology 153

SKILL 2 UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS 154

The Giotto Spacecraft Mission 154

Internships 156

Listening Exercise 2 158

A Parking Sticker 158

A Drama Class 160

Early Teachers 161

Gold and Iron Pyrite 162

Listening Review Exercise（Skills 1-2） 163

An Anthropology Paper 163

PRAGMATIC UNDERSTANDING 164

SKILL 3 UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTION 164

An Assignment Question 164

Social Media 167

Listening Exercise 3 170

The Library 170

The Transcript 171

Opossum Defense Mechanisms 172

Giant Impact Theory 173

SKILL 4 UNDERSTAND THE SPEAKERS STANCE 175

Chess Club 175

Two Theories about Yosemite 178

Listening Exercise 4 181

Course Load 181

A Questionnaire 181

Iroquois Houses 182

Hail 182

Listening Exercise（Skills 3-4） 183

American History and the Fugio Coin 183

Listening Review Exercise（Skills 1-4） 185

Hibernation 185

CONNECTING INFORMATION 187

SKILL 5 UNDERSTAND THE ORGANIZATION 187

Rivers 187

Clarence Darrow 190

Listening Exercise 5 193

Tropism 193

Fossils 194

Animal Empathy 195

Fractures 196

SKILL 6 UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS：INFERENCES AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS 198

An Engineering Tutor 198

Life on Mars 200

Listening Exercise 6 203

A Placement Test 203

A Term Paper 203

Conditioning 204

An Economic Theory Presentation 205

Listening Exercise（Skills 5-6） 206

The Colonization of Carolina 206

Listening Review Exercise（Skills 1-6） 208

Leaf Arrangements 208

LISTENING POST-TEST 210

The Music Project 211

The Great Lakes 212

SECTION THREE：SPEAKING 215

SPEAKING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 216

Person You Admire 217

Vacation Preferences 217

Registering for Classes 217

Nonverbal Communication 218

A Problem in French Class 218

Echolocation 219

SPEAKING OVERVIEW 220

SPEAKING SKILLS 226

SPEAKING QUESTIONS 1 AND 2：INDEPENDENT SPEAKING QUESTIONS 226

SPEAKING QUESTION 1：FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 226

SKILL 1 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 227

Speaking Exercise 1 230

Best Way to Learn English 230

Which Person Helped the Most 230

A Place You Enjoy 231

An Activity You Do Not Enjoy 231

Your Favorite Day 231

A Kind of Movie You Do Not Enjoy 231

Advice About Your City 231

An Important Decision 232

A Purchase You Regret 232

Important Qualities In Renting an Apartment 232

SKILL 2 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE FREE-CHOICE RESPONSE 232

Speaking Exercise 2 236

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 1-2） 236

An Interesting Job 236

Age of Marriage 236

Best City Investments 236

Classes You Do Not Enjoy 236

Most Important Thing You Own 236

SPEAKING QUESTION 2：PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 237

SKILL 3 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 237

Speaking Exercise 3 240

First-Year Residences 241

Eating at Home or Eating Out 241

Driving Age Under or Over 18 241

More Money or Less Hours 241

Education or Play for Young Children 242

Broad or Specific Knowledge for Job Market 242

Study Alone or with Friends 242

Learn by Watching or Doing 242

New Classroom or New Computers 243

Quick or Slow Decision-Making 243

SKILL 4 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE PAIRED-CHOICE RESPONSE 243

Speaking Exercise 4 247

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 3-4） 247

Teacher Mistakes 247

Taking Chances or Playing It Safe 247

Exam Types 247

Art as Entertainment or Expression of Ideas 247

Hiring Employees 248

SPEAKING QUESTIONS 3 AND 4：INTEGRATED QUESTIONS（READING,LISTENING AND SPEAKING） 248

SPEAKING QUESTION 3：CAMPUS-BASED INTEGRATED READING,LISTENING,AND SPEAKING 248

SKILL 5 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 248

Speaking Exercise 5 250

Bicycle Parking on Campus 251

Bookstore Policy 251

Policy on Late Assignments 252

SKILL 6 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 252

Speaking Exercise 6 256

Bicycle Parking on Campus 256

Bookstore Policy 256

Policy on Late Assignments 257

SKILL 7 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 257

Speaking Exercise 7 261

SKILL 8 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 261

Speaking Exercise 8 265

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 5-8） 265

Fitness Rooms on Campus 265

SPEAKING QUESTION 4：ACADEMIC SETTING INTEGRATED READING,LISTENING,AND SPEAKING 266

SKILL 9 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 267

Speaking Exercise 9 269

Hotspots 269

Election Polling 270

Long-term Memory 270

SKILL 10 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 271

Speaking Exercise 10 274

Hotspots 274

Election Polling 275

Long-term Memory 275

SKILL 11 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 276

Speaking Exercise 11 279

SKILL 12 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 279

Speaking Exercise 12 283

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 9-12） 283

Transcendentalism 283

SPEAKING QUESTIONS 5 AND 6：INTEGRATED QUESTIONS（LISTENING AND SPEAKING） 284

SPEAKING QUESTION 5：CAMPUS-BASED INTEGRATED LISTENING AND SPEAKING 284

SKILL 13 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 285

Speaking Exercise 13 289

A Computer Crash 289

Lecture Notes 289

Roommate Problem 289

SKILL 14 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 290

Speaking Exercise 14 293

SKILL 15 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 294

Speaking Exercise 15 298

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 13-15） 298

Preparing for Exams 298

SPEAKING QUESTION 6：ACADEMIC INTEGRATED LISTENING AND SPEAKING 299

SKILL 16 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 299

Speaking Exercise 16 303

Two Solutions To Reduce Pollution 303

Creative Problem Solving 304

Origins of Polynesians 304

SKILL 17 USE YOUR NOTES TO PLAN THE RESPONSE 305

Speaking Exercise 17 308

SKILL 18 USE YOUR PLAN TO MAKE THE RESPONSE 309

Speaking Exercise 18 313

Speaking Review Exercise（Skills 16-18） 313

Structure of Proteins 313

SPEAKING POST-TEST 314

Important Characteristics of a Neighborhood 315

Getting News 315

A Cafeteria Problem 315

Social Learning Environments 316

A Class Schedule Problem 317

Life Outside the Habitable Zone 317

SECTION FOUR：WRITING 319

WRITING DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST 320

Deforestation 321

A News Story 322

WRITING OVERVIEW 323

WRITING SKILLS 326

WRITING QUESTION 1：INTEGRATED TASK 326

SKILL 1 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU READ 326

Writing Exercise 1 328

Homeschooling 328

Physical Education 329

Newspapers 329

SKILL 2 NOTE THE MAIN POINTS AS YOU LISTEN 330

Writing Exercise 2 334

Homeschooling 334

Physical Education 334

Newspapers 335

SKILL 3 PLAN A POINT-BY-POINT RESPONSE USING YOUR NOTES 335

Writing Exercise 3 340

SKILL 4 WRITE A POINT-BY-POINT RESPONSE USING YOUR PLAN 340

Writing Exercise 4 343

SKILL 5 USE AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD TO WRITE YOUR RESPONSE 343

Writing Exercise 5 346

SKILL 6 WRITE A TOPIC STATEMENT AND CONCLUSION 346

Topic Statement 346

Conclusion 347

Writing Exercise 6 349

SKILL 7 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 350

Writing Exercise 7 350

Management Styles 350

Trade or Vocational Schools 351

SKILL 8 REVIEW GRAMMAR 351

Writing Exercise 8 351

American English Spelling 351

Aversive Conditioning 352

Writing Review Exercise（Skills 1-8） 352

Stonehenge 352

WRITING QUESTION 2：INDEPENDENT TASK 353

SKILL 9 DECODE THE ESSAY PROMPTS 353

Writing Exercise 9 355

Relieving Stress 355

A Famous Place to Visit 356

Actions or Words 356

Yourself Today and Five Years Ago 356

Team or Individual Sports 356

Change Your School 356

Characteristics of a Good Teacher 357

Personal Development and Travel 357

Learning a New Language 357

The TOEFL iBT？Test 357

SKILL 10 PLAN BEFORE YOU WRITE：OUTLINING 357

Writing Exercise 10 359

SKILL 11 WRITE UNIFIED SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 360

Writing Exercise 11 361

SKILL 12 CONNECT THE SUPPORTING PARAGRAPHS 362

Writing Exercise 12 364

SKILL 13 WRITE THE INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION 367

Introduction 367

Conclusion 368

Writing Exercise 13 369

SKILL 14 REVIEW SENTENCE STRUCTURE 370

Writing Exercise 14 371

Team Sports 371

SKILL 15 REVIEW GRAMMAR 371

Writing Exercise 15 372

University and High School Studies 372

Writing Review Exercise（Skills 9-15） 372

Emotions 372

WRITING POST-TEST 373

Astrology 374

Safe or Sorry 375

MINI-TESTS 377

MINI-TEST 1 377

Reading The Lost Gold 378

Listening Science Lab 381

The“Little House”Books 382

Speaking Leader of the Country 385

History Films 385

Formation of Glaciers 386

Writing Brand Awareness 388

MINI-TEST 2 389

Reading Birth Order 390

Listening Confused Assignment 394

Cross-Dating 395

Speaking Full Night's Sleep or Naps 397

Leadership Roles 397

Housing 398

Writing Historical Event 400

MINI-TEST 3 401

Reading Ketchup 402

Listening Biology Class 406

Gem Cuts 407

Speaking Hometown 410

Finals Week 410

Grammar Rules 411

Writing Scientific Management 413

MINI-TEST 4 414

Reading Estuaries 415

Listening A Bad Grade 419

Mountains 420

Speaking Discovering New Places 423

Nullification 423

Internship 424

Writing Working for Others 426

MINI-TEST 5 427

Reading Schizophrenia 428

Listening Scholarship 432

Atolls 433

Speaking Hard Work or Luck 436

University Course Requirement 436

Zero-Sum Games 437

Writing Pros and Cons of Homeschooling 439

MINI-TEST 6 441

Reading Exxon Valdez 442

Listening Challenging a Professor's View 446

Barn Owl Hearing 447

Speaking Characteristics of a Good Leader 450

Formation of the Solar System 450

A Problem Getting to Class 451

Writing Visitors to Your Country 453

MINI-TEST 7 454

Reading Plate Tectonics 455

Listening Group Project 459

Te Trumpet 460

Speaking Studying English 463

Parking 463

NIMBY 464

Writing Economy and Shopping Centers 466

MINI-TEST 8 467

Reading Limners 468

Listening Graduation Requirements 472

Carbon 473

Speaking Big Party 476

Freud and Dreams 476

Healthy Living 477

Writing Violence in Movies 479

COMPLETE TESTS 481

COMPLETE TEST 1 481

Reading 1 Prehistoric Astronomers 482

Reading 2 Truman and the Railroads 485

Reading 3 Mathematical Bases 488

Listening Student Newspaper 492

The Great Salt Lake 493

Kleenex 494

Exam Grade 495

Hawaii 496

Three-Mile Island 498

Speaking Most Important Quality 500

Fiction or Nonfiction 500

Spring Show 500

Great Ape Communication 501

Dreaded Science Class 502

Mercantilism 503

Writing Performance Enhancing Drugs 506

Family Traditions 507

COMPLETE TEST 2 509

Reading 1 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting 510

Reading 2 The Neanderthals 513

Reading 3 The Silent Era 516

Listening Grade Report 520

Washington,D.C. 521

Parchment 522

The Giant Squid 523

Solution Caves 524

The Compound Eye 526

Speaking Advice for Parents 528

Buying Electronics 528

Business Internships 528

Need for Affiliation 529

Pet Sitter 530

Animals in Groups 531

Writing Marco Polo 533

Athlete's Salaries 534

APPENDIX：GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURE 535

Cohesion 535

Sentence Structure 543

Error Correction（Grammar） 550

DIAGNOSIS,ASSESSMENT,AND SCORING 589

Overall Scores 590

Reading Diagnosis and Scoring 591

Listening Diagnosis and Scoring 595

Speaking Assessment and Scoring 599

Writing Assessment and Scoring 609

RECORDING SCRIPT 615

ANSWER KEY 708

APPENDIX ANSWER KEY 730