反问句的语用研究PDF电子书下载

前言　 1

Abstract　 1

Chapter 1 Introduction　 1

1.0 Introduction　 1

序　 1

1.1 The rationale of the present study　 3

1.2 Problems with the existing studies　 5

1.3 Objectives of the present study　 6

1.4 Methodology　 7

1.5 Outline of the study　 8

2.1 Studies on Chinese rhetorical questions　 10

2.1.1 Rhetorical approaches　 10

Chapter 2 Review of Relevant Literature　 10

2.0 Introduction　 10

2.1.2 Grammatical approaches　 12

2.1.3 Pragmatic approaches　 16

2.2 Overseas studies of rhetorical questions　 33

2.2.1 Rhetorical approaches　 33

2.2.2 Linguistic approaches　 34

2.2.3 Pragmatic approaches　 39

2.3 Summary　 44

3.1 Methodology in the present study　 46

Chapter 3 Research Methodology　 46

3.0 Introduction　 46

3.2 Description of the data　 48

3.3 Summary　 49

Chapter 4 Identification and Interpretation of Chinese Rhetorical Questions 51

4.0 Introduction　 51

4.1 Theoretical background of the present approach　 51

4.2 The identification of Chinese rhetorical questions　 64

4.2.1 Previous definitions of Chinese rhetorical questions　 65

4.2.2 Distinctive features of Chinese rhetorical questions　 69

4.2.2.1 The discrepancy between the form and the Communicative function of rhetorical ques-tions　 70

4.2.2.2 The polarity shift between the rhetorical ques-tion and its implied answer　 78

4.2.2.3 The multiplicity in the communicative function of rhetorical questions　 80

4.2.2.4 The indirectness and implicitness of rhetoricalquestions in conveying ideas　 83

4.3　The interpretation of Chinese rhetorical questions　 90

4.4 Summary　 94

Chapter 5　Responses to Chinese Rhetorical Questions　 97

5.0 Introduction　 97

5.1 An overview of the previous approaches to answerhood　 98

5.1.1　Kiefer's pragmatic approach to the study of answers　 99

5.1.2　Grewendorf's practical application of the probability and decision theories to the study of answers　 102

5.1.3 Stenstr？m's conversation-and discourse-analytical approach to the study of answers　 103

5.1.4 Ilie's pragmatic study of the adequacy of answer-hood　 105

5.1.5　A classification of responses to questions　 109

5.2　Responses to rhetorical questions　 111

5.2.1 An overview of response types　 112

5.2.2　Types of responses to rhetorical questions　 116

5.2.2.1 Implicit vs.explicit answers to rhetorical ques-tions　 118

5.2.2.2　Explicit answers vs.replies to rhetorical ques-tions　 122

5.2.3　Types of explicit answers to rhetorical questions　 124

5.2.3.1　Addresser's answers to rhetorical questions　 125

5.2.3.2 Addressee's answers to rhetorical questions　 129

5.2.4 Types of replies to rhetorical questions　 135

5.2.4.1 Addresser's replies to rhetorical questions　 136

5.2.4.2 Addressee's replies to rhetorical questions　 145

5.2.4.2.1 Acknowledging vs.non-acknowledging ad-dressee's replies　 146

5.2.4.2.2 Addressee's replies conveying agreement vs.disagreement　 148

5.2.5 Non-verbalized responses to rhetorical questions used as assertives　 155

5.2.6 Responses to rhetorical questions used as directives　 157

5.3 Redefining rhetorical questions　 161

5.4 Summary　 163

Chapter 6 Rhetorical Questions as Discursive and Argumentative Acts in Talk Shows　 167

6.0 Introduction　 167

6.1 About talk shows　 168

6.1.1 Talk shows as a semi-institutional discourse　 169

6.1.2 The question-response sequence in talk shows　 171

6.2 Discursive characteristics of rhetorical questions in talk shows　 177

6.3 The pragma-dialectical approach to argumentation　 202

6.4 Argumentative use of rhetorical questions in talk shows　 208

6.4.1 Argumentative patterns of rhetorical questions intalk shows 208

6.4.2　Rhetorical questions that function as standpoints　 214

6.4.3 Rhetorical questions that function as arguments　 217

6.5 Summary　 219

7.0 Introduction　 222

Chapter 7 Conclusion　 222

7.1 Summary of the findings　 223

7.1.1 Major findings in the identification of chinese rhe-torical questions　 223

7.1.2 Major findings in the responses to Chinese rhetorical questions　 224

7.1.3 Major findings in the investigation of Chinese rhe-torical questions as di scursive and argumentative acts in talk shows　 228

7.2 Theoretical and practical implications　 229

7.3 Limitations of this study　 231

7.4 Suggestions for future research　 232

Appendix 1 Sources of rhetorical questions in the corpus　 233

Appendix 2 Secimen analyses of rhetorical questions in corpus　 235

Bibliography　 239