相干光学 基础及应用 影印版PDF电子书下载

1．History of Optics 1

1.1 Past 1

1.2 Present 5

1.3 Future 7

Problems 8

2．The Main Areas of Optics 9

2.1 Geometrical Optics 9

2.2 Wave Optics 10

2.3 Quantum Optics 11

2.4 Statistical Optics 12

3．Fundamentals of Wave Optics 15

3.1 Maxwell's Equations 15

3.2 The Wave Equation 17

3.3 Waves 18

3.3.1 One-Dimensional Waves 18

3.3.2 Plane Waves 21

3.3.3 Spherical Waves 22

3.3.4 Bessel Waves 23

3.3.5 Evanescent Waves 25

3.3.6 Polarized Waves 28

3.4 Intensity of a Light Wave 30

Problems 33

4．Coherence 35

4.1 Temporal Coherence 35

4.2 Spatial Coherence 44

4.3 Spatiotemporal Coherence 50

4.4 Complex Representation of the Light Field 52

4.5 Stellar Interferometry 53

4.6 Fourier Spectroscopy 55

4.7 Intensity Correlation 57

Problems 59

5．Multiple-Beam Interference 61

5.1 Fabry-Perot Interferometer 61

5.2 Mode Spectrum of a Laser 68

5.2.1 Interference Spectroscopy 69

5.2.2 Difference-Frequency Analysis 72

5.3 Dual-Recycling Interferometer 73

Problems 75

6．Speckles 77

6.1 Intensity Statistics 78

6.2 Speckle Sizes 80

6.3 Speckle Photography 84

6.3.1 Double-Exposure Technique 86

6.3.2 Time-Average Technique 89

6.4 Flow Diagnostics 92

6.5 Stellar Speckle Interferometry 95

Problems 99

7．Holography 101

7.1 Principle of Holography 101

7.1.1 Hologram Recording 102

7.1.2 Image Reconstruction 104

7.1.3 Location of the Images 106

7.1.4 Phase Conjugation 107

7.2 The Imaging Equations of Holography 110

7.3 Holographic Arrangements 114

7.3.1 In-line Holograms 114

7.3.2 Reflection Holograms 115

7.3.3 Transmission Holograms 116

7.3.4 White-Light Holograms 117

7.3.5 Rainbow Holograms 120

7.4 Holographic Cinematography 122

7.5 Digital Holography 123

7.5.1 Direct Simulation 124

7.5.2 Simulation with Square Light Waves 132

7.5.3 Digital hologram recording and reconstruction 133

Problems 134

8．Interferometry 135

8.1 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer 135

8.2 Sagnac Interferometer 136

8.3 Holographic Interferometry 140

8.3.1 Real-Time Method 140

8.3.2 Double-Exposure Method 140

8.3.3 Time-Average Method 142

8.4 Theory of Holographic Interferometry 142

8.4.1 Real-Time and Double-Exposure Method 142

8.4.2 Time-Average Method 144

8.4.3 Time-Average Method in Real Time 145

Problems 147

9．Fourier Optics 149

9.1 Scalar Diffraction Theory 149

9.1.1 Fresnel Approximation 150

9.1.2 Fraunhofer Approximation 152

9.2 Fourier Transform by a Lens 154

9.3 Optical Fourier Spectra 156

9.3.1 Point Source 156

9.3.2 Plane Wave 157

9.3.3 Infinitely Long Slit 158

9.3.4 Two Point Sources 160

9.3.5 Cosine Grating 161

9.3.6 Circular Aperture 162

9.3.7 Compound Diffracting Systems 164

9.4 Coherent Optical Filtering 167

9.4.1 Low-Pass Filter or Spatial Frequency Filter 168

9.4.2 High-Pass Filter or Dark Field Method 169

9.4.3 Phase Filter or Phase Contrast Method 170

9.4.4 Half-Plane Filter or Schlieren Method 172

9.4.5 Raster Elimination 172

9.4.6 Demonstration Experiment 173

9.4.7 Holographic Filters 173

9.4.8 Pattern Recognition 176

Problems 179

10．The Laser 181

10.1 The Laser Principle 181

10.2 Laser Rate Equations 183

10.3 Stationary Operation 187

10.4 Stability Analysis 188

10.5 Transient dynamics 193

10.5.1 Relaxation Oscillations 193

10.5.2 Q-Switching 194

10.5.3 Cavity Dumping 197

10.6 Chaotic Dynamics 199

10.7 Synchronization 204

Problems 207

11．Ultrafast Optics 209

11.1 Properties of Ultrashort Pulses 209

11.1.1 Time-Bandwidth Product 211

11.1.2 Chirped Pulses 213

11.2 Generation of Ultrashort Pulses 217

11.2.1 Principle of Mode Locking 217

11.2.2 Methods of Mode Locking 221

11.2.3 Sonoluminescence 223

11.2.4 Chirped Pulse Amplification 225

11.3 Measurement of Ultrashort Pulses 229

11.4 Optical Gating 234

11.5 Optical Coherence Tomography 236

Problems 237

12．Nonlinear Optics 239

12.1 Two-Wave Interaction 239

12.1.1 Two-Photon Absorption 240

12.1.2 Two-Photon Ionization 241

12.2 Three-Wave Interaction 242

12.2.1 Second-Harmonic Generation 242

12.2.2 Sum-Frequency Generation 242

12.2.3 Difference-Frequency Generation 243

12.2.4 Optical Parametric Amplifier 244

12.3 Four-Wave Interaction 244

12.4 Multi-photon Interaction 245

12.4.1 Frequency Multiplication 245

12.4.2 Multi-photon Absorption and Ionization 246

12.5 Further Nonlinear Optical Phenomena 247

12.6 Nonlinear Potentials 248

12.7 Interaction of Light Waves 250

12.7.1 Three-Wave Interaction 252

12.7.2 Scalar Three-Wave Interaction 258

12.7.3 Second-Harmonic Generation 259

12.7.4 Optical Parametric Amplifier 262

12.7.5 Optical Parametric Oscillator 263

12.7.6 Three-Wave Interaction in the Photon Picture 264

Problems 265

13．Fiber Optics 267

13.1 Glass Fibers 268

13.1.1 Profile 268

13.1.2 Guided Waves 269

13.1.3 Attenuation 271

13.2 Fiber Sensors 273

13.3 Optical Solitons 276

13.3.1 Dispersion 276

13.3.2 Nonlinearity 281

13.4 Fiber-Optic Signal Processing 284

Problems 285

A．The Fourier Transfom 287

A.1 One-Dimensional Fourier Transform 287

A.2 Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform 288

A.3 Convolution and Autocorrelation 289

A.4 Properties of the Fourier Transform 290

A.5 Selected Functions and Their Fourier Transforms 292

Problems 292

B．Solutions of Problems 295

References 321

Index 333