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Part Ⅰ．JavaScript Quick Start 3

1．Basic JavaScript 3

Background 3

Syntax 4

Variables and Assignment 6

Values 7

Booleans 12

Numbers 14

Operators 15

Strings 15

Statements 16

Functions 18

Exception Handling 21

Strict Mode 21

Variable Scoping and Closures 22

Objects and Constructors 24

Arrays 28

Regular Expressions 31

Math 31

Other Functionality of the Standard Library 32

Part Ⅱ．Background 35

2．Why JavaScript? 35

Is JavaScript Freely Available? 35

Is JavaScript Elegant? 35

Is JavaScript Useful? 36

Does JavaScript Have Good Tools? 37

Is JavaScript Fast Enough? 37

Is JavaScript Widely Used? 38

Does JavaScript Have a Future? 38

Conclusion 38

3．The Nature of JavaScript 39

Quirks and Unorthodox Features 40

Elegant Parts 40

Influences 41

4．How JavaScript Was Created 43

5．Standardization:ECMAScript 45

6．Historical JavaScript Milestones 47

Part Ⅲ．JavaScript in Depth 53

7．JavaScript's Syntax 53

An Overview of the Syntax 53

Comments 54

Expressions Versus Statements 54

Control Flow Statements and Blocks 57

Rules for Using Semicolons 57

Legal Identifiers 60

Invoking Methods on Number Literals 62

Strict Mode 62

8．Values 67

JavaScript's Type System 67

Primitive Values Versus Objects 69

Primitive Values 69

Objects 70

undefined and null 71

Wrapper Objects for Primitives 75

Type Coercion 77

9．Operators 81

Operators and Objects 81

Assignment Operators 81

Equality Operators:===Versus== 83

Ordering Operators 87

The Plus Operator(+) 88

Operators for Booleans and Numbers 89

Special Operators 89

Categorizing Values via typeof and instanceof 92

Object Operators 95

10．Booleans 97

Converting to Boolean 97

Logical Operators 99

Equality Operators,Ordering Operators 102

The Function Boolean 102

11．Numbers 103

Number Literals 103

Converting to Number 104

Special Number Values 106

The Internal Representation of Numbers 111

Handling Rounding Errors 112

Integers in JavaScript 114

Converting to Integer 117

Arithmetic Operators 122

Bitwise Operators 124

The Function Number 127

Number Constructor Properties 128

Number Prototype Methods 128

Functions for Numbers 131

Sources for This Chapter 132

12．Strings 133

String Literals 133

Escaping in String Literals 134

Character Access 135

Converting to String 135

Comparing Strings 136

Concatenating Strings 137

The Function String 138

String Constructor Method 138

String Instance Property length 139

String Prototype Methods 139

13．Statements 145

Declaring and Assigning Variables 145

The Bodies of Loops and Conditionals 145

Loops 146

Conditionals 150

The with Statement 153

The debugger Statement 155

14．ExceptionHandling 157

What Is Exception Handling? 157

Exception Handling in JavaScript 158

Error Constructors 161

Stack Traces 162

Implementing Your Own Error Constructor 163

15．Functions 165

The Three Roles of Functions in JavaScript 165

Terminology:"Parameter"Versus"Argument" 166

Defining Functions 166

Hoisting 168

The Name of a Function 169

Which Is Better:A Function Declaration or a Function Expression? 169

More Control over Function Calls:call(),apply(),and bind() 170

Handling Missing or Extra Parameters 171

Named Parameters 176

16．Variables:Scopes,Environments,and Closures 179

Declaring a Variable 179

Background:Static Versus Dynamic 179

Background:The Scope of a Variable 180

Variables Are Function-Scoped 181

Variable Declarations Are Hoisted 182

Introducing a New Scope via an IIFE 183

Global Variables 186

The Global Object 188

Environments:Managing Variables 190

Closures:Functions Stay Connected to Their Birth Scopes 193

17．Objects and Inheritance 197

Layer 1:Single Objects 197

Converting Any Value to an Object 203

this as an Implicit Parameter of Functions and Methods 204

Layer 2:The Prototype Relationship Between Objects 211

Iteration and Detection of Properties 217

Best Practices:Iterating over Own Properties 220

Accessors(Getters and Setters) 221

Property Attributes and Property Descriptors 222

Protecting Objects 229

Layer 3:Constructors—Factories for Instances 231

Data in Prototype Properties 241

Keeping Data Private 244

Layer 4:Inheritance Between Constructors 251

Methods of All Objects 257

Generic Methods:Borrowing Methods from Prototypes 260

Pitfalls:Using an Object as a Map 266

Cheat Sheet:Working with Objects 270

18．Arrays 273

Overview 273

Creating Arrays 274

Array Indices 276

length 279

Holes in Arrays 282

Array Constructor Method 285

Array Prototype Methods 286

Adding and Removing Elements(Destructive) 286

Sorting and Reversing Elements(Destructive) 287

Concatenating,Slicing,Joining(Nondestructive) 289

Searching for Values(Nondestructive) 290

Iteration (Nondestructive) 291

Pitfall:Array-Like Objects 295

Best Practices:Iterating over Arrays 295

19．Regular Expressions 297

Regular Expression Syntax 297

Unicode and Regular Expressions 302

Creating a Regular Expression 302

RegExp.prototype.test:Is There a Match? 304

String.prototype.search:At What Index Is There a Match? 305

RegExp.prototype.exec:Capture Groups 305

String.prototype.match:Capture Groups or Return All Matching Substrings 307

String.prototype.replace:Search and Replace 307

Problems with the Flag/g 309

Tips andTricks 311

Regular Expression Cheat Sheet 314

20．Dates 317

The Date Constructor 317

Date Constructor Methods 318

Date Prototype Methods 319

Date Time Formats 322

Time Values:Dates as Milliseconds Since 1970-01-01 324

21．Math 327

Math Properties 327

Numerical Functions 328

Trigonometric Functions 329

Other Functions 330

22．JSON 333

Background 333

JSON.stringify(value,replacer?,space?) 337

JSON.parse(text,reviver?) 340

Transforming Data via Node Visitors 341

23．StandardGlobalVariables 345

Constructors 345

Error Constructors 345

Nonconstructor Functions 346

Dynamically Evaluating JavaScript Code via eval()and new Function() 347

The Console API 351

Namespaces and Special Values 356

24．Unicodeand JavaScript 357

Unicode History 357

Important Unicode Concepts 357

Code Points 359

Unicode Encodings 359

JavaScript Source Code and Unicode 361

JavaScript Strings and Unicode 364

JavaScript Regular Expressions and Unicode 365

25．Newin ECMAScript5 369

New Features 369

Syntactic Changes 370

New Functionality in the Standard Library 370

Tips for Working with Legacy Browsers 372

Part Ⅳ．Tips,Tools,and Libraries 375

26．A Meta Code Style Guide 375

Existing Style Guides 375

General Tips 375

Commonly Accepted Best Practices 377

Controversial Rules 382

Conclusion 386

27．Language Mechanisms for Debugging 387

28．Subclassing Built-ins 389

Terminology 389

Obstacle 1:Instances with Internal Properties 389

Obstacle 2:A Constructor That Can't Be Called as a Function 392

Another Solution:Delegation 393

29．JSDoc:Generating API Documentation 395

The Basics of JSDoc 396

BasicTags 397

Documenting Functions and Methods 399

Inline Type Information ("Inline Doc Comments") 399

Documenting Variables,Parameters,and Instance Properties 400

Documenting Classes 401

Other Useful Tags 403

30．Libraries 405

Shims Versus Polyfills 405

Four Language Libraries 406

The ECMAScript Internationalization API 406

Directories for JavaScript Resources 408

31．Module Systems and Package Managers 411

Module Systems 411

Package Managers 412

Quick and Dirty Modules 412

32．MoreTools 415

33．WhattoDoNext 417

Index 419