新编大学英语专业实用语法PDF电子书下载

Introduction to Grammar 1

What is grammar? 1

Why do we study grammar? 5

Grammatical hierarchy 5

Chapter 1 The Parts of Speech 13

Diagnostic test 13

Explanation 16

A．The noun 16

B．The pronoun 16

C．The adjective 20

D．The verb 22

E．The adverb 25

F．The preposition 27

G．The conjunction 28

H．The interjection 30

Chapter 2 The Parts of a Sentence 33

Diagnostic test 33

Explanation 33

A．Subject and predicate 34

B．How to find the subject of a sentence 35

C．Complements 37

D．Direct and indirect object 38

E．The object complement 38

F．Subject complement 39

Chapter 3 The Phrase and the Clause 44

Diagnostic test 44

Explanation 45

Ⅰ．The phrase rank 45

A．Noun phrases and verb phrases 45

B．Adjective phrases and adverb phrases 57

C．The prepositional phrases 64

Ⅱ．The clause rank 66

A．The relative clause 68

B．The noun clause 70

C．The adverbial clause 71

D．The subordinating conjunction 71

E．Sentences classified by structure 75

F．Sentences classified by purpose 76

Chapter 4 The Subject-Verb Agreement 83

Diagnostic test 83

Explanation 84

A．Guiding principles 84

B．Problems of agreement with nouns ending in-s 85

C．Problems of agreement with collective nouns 88

D．Problems of agreement with subject containing coordinate forms 91

E．Problems of agreement with expressions of quantity 93

F．Problems of agreement with noun clause as subject 97

G．Problems of agreement in relative-clause and existential sentence 98

Chapter 5 The Determiners 102

Diagnostic test 102

Explanation 103

A．Function and classes of determiners 103

B．Pre-determiners 122

C．Collocations between determiners 123

D．Article idiomatic usage 123

Chapter 6 Correct Use of Pronouns 130

Diagnostic test 130

Explanation 131

A．Personal pronouns 131

B．Reflexive pronouns,emphatic pronouns and each other 133

C．The pronoun one/ones 135

D．Everyone,something,etc 136

Chapter 7 Verb Tenses and Aspects 143

Diagnostic test 143

Explanation 145

A．Comparison between present progressive and simple present 146

B．Comparison between present perfect and simple past 152

C．Comparison between past progressive and simple past 158

D．Comparison between present perfect progressive and present perfect 161

E．Comparison between past simple and past perfect 165

F．Past perfect progressive 166

G．Ways of expressing future time 168

Chapter 8 Active and Passive Voice 177

Diagnostic test 177

Explanation 178

A．The use of the passive 178

B．Tenses and aspects in the passive 183

C．The passive with get 184

D．Special passive patterns 185

E．Passive+to-infinitive or active participle 187

F．The passive to-infinitive and present participle 188

G．Active forms with a passive meaning 189

H．The passive or be+adjective 190

I．The passive of phrasal verbs 191

Chapter 9 The Subjunctive Mood 195

Diagnostic test 195

Explanation 196

A．Be-subjunctive 196

B．Were-subjunctive 198

Chapter 10 Auxiliary Verbs 201

Diagnostic test 201

Explanation 203

A．The primary auxiliary verbs(do,have,be) 203

B．The modal auxiliaries 204

C．The NICE properties of auxiliaries 218

D．Semi-auxiliaries 218

Chapter 11 Non-Finite Verbs 225

Diagnostic test 225

Explanation 225

A．Infinitive and the infinitive phrase 226

B．Ing-participle 231

C．Ing-participle clauses 242

D．Inng-participle or ed-participle clauses? 244

Chapter 12 Adjectives,Adverbs and Their Phrases 254

Diagnostic test 254

Explanation 254

A．Adjective patterns 255

B．Adjectives used in one position only 258

C．Adjectives and participles 260

D．The order of adjectives 261

E．Adjectives used as nouns 263

F．Adjectives or adverbs 264

G．Comparative and superlative forms 268

H．Patterns expressing a comparison 271

I．Adverbs and word order 274

Chapter 13 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 289

Diagnostic test 289

Explanation 290

A．The other functions of prepositional phrases 293

B．Prepositions of place 293

C．Prepositions of time 296

D．Idiomatic phrases with prepositions 300

E．Noun+preposition 301

F．Prepositional verbs 304

G．Verb+object+preposition 308

H．Phrasal verbs 310

Chapter 14 Statements and Questions 322

Diagnostic test 322

Explanation 323

A．Statement 323

B．Negative statements 324

C．Questions 326

Chapter 15 Coordination and Subordination 340

Diagnostic test 340

Explanation 341

A．Coordinate ideas 341

B．Subordinate ideas 346

C．Adverbial clauses 346

Chapter 16 Conditional Clauses 354

Diagnostic test 354

Explanation 355

A．Introduction 355

B．Type 0 conditionals 357

C．Type 1 conditionals 357

D．Type 2 conditionals 358

E．Type 3 conditionals 359

F．If,as long as,unless,in case,etc 361

G．should,were,had and inversion 362

H．Implied conditions 363

Chapter 17 Noun Clauses 368

Diagnostic test 368

Explanation 368

A．Introduction 368

B．Patterns with noun clauses 369

C．Direct and indirect speech 371

Chapter 18 Relative Clauses 385

Diagnostic test 385

Explanation 385

A．Identifying clauses 386

B．Classifying clauses 387

C．Adding clauses 387

D．Connective clauses 387

E．The comparison of the identifying clause and the adding clause 388

F．The comparison of the classifying clause andthe adding clause 388

G．Relative pronouns 388

H．The pattern a quantifier+of whom/of which 390

I．A special use of which 390

J．The use ofthat 391

K．Relative adverbs 392

Chapter 19 Leaving Out and Replacing Words 396

Diagnostic test 396

Explanation 396

A．Avoiding repetition 396

B．Leaving out words after the auxiliary 397

C．Leaving out an infinitive clause 398

D．Leaving out words after a question word 399

E．Leaving out words through coordination 399

F．Leaving out words at the beginning ofa sentence 400

G．Patterns with too,either,so and neifher/nor 401

H．Do so,do it and do that 402

I．Some other ways of avoiding repetition 403

Chapter 20 Information and Emphasis 407

Diagnostic test 407

Explanation 408

A．Word order and information 408

B．Front-position 410

C．The empty there and it 413

D．There or it 416

E．Emphasis 417

Key to Exercises 421

Bibliography 460