大学物理简明教程 英文版 第2版 下PDF电子书下载

Part Three Thermodynamics 2

Chapter 10 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 2

10.1 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 2

10.2 State Parameters,Equilibrium State,and Ideal Gas Law 3

10.3 Essential Concepts of the Kinetic Theory of Gases 6

10.4 The Representation of Pressure for Ideal Gas 8

10.5 The Average Translational Kinetic Energy and Temperature 11

10.6 The Equipartition Theorem of Energy 13

10.7 The Mean Free Path 17

10.8 The Maxwell Speed Distribution 19

10.9 The Boltzmann Distribution 23

10.10 Van der Waals Equation of State 25

Questions 27

Problems 28

Chapter 11 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 31

11.1 Internal Energy,Heat,and Work 31

11.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 32

11.3 Application of the First Law to Isochoric,Isobaric,and Isothermal Processes 34

11.4 The Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 39

11.5 Application of the First Law of Thermodynamics to Adiabatic Processes 42

11.6 Cyclical Processes and Thermal efficiency 45

11.7 Carnot Cycle and Reverse Cycle 48

11.8 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 51

11.9 Reversible and Irreversible Process,Carnot Theorem 53

11.10 Statistical Meaning of the Second Law of Thermodynamics 55

11.11 Entropy 58

Questions 63

Problems 64

Part Four Oscillation and Waves 70

Chapter 12 Simple Harmonic Motion 70

12.1 Simple Harmonic Motion 70

12.2 Period,Frequency,Amplitude,and Phase Angle of SHM 75

12.3 Kinetic and Potential Energies in SHM 78

12.4 Damped Vibration,Forced Vibration,and Resonance 79

12.5 Superposition of Two SHM with Same Direction of Vibration and Same Frequency 82

12.6 Superposition of Two SHM with Same Frequency and Directions of Vibration Perpendicular to Each Other 84

Questions 86

Problems 90

Chapter 13 Mechanical Waves 90

13.1 The Generation and Propagation of a Mechanical Wave 90

13.2 Wave Speed and Elasticity of the Medium 95

13.3 Wave Function of a Plans Simple Harmonic Wave 97

13.4 Energy,Energy Flow,and Wave Intensity 102

13.5 Huygens'Principle 105

13.6 Principle of Superposition of Waves,and Interference of Waves 106

13.7 Standing Waves 109

13.8 The Doppler Effect 111

Questions 112

Problems 114

Chapter 14 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Waves 118

14.1 LC Oscillations 118

14.2 Electromagnetic Waves 121

14.3 Energy in Electromagnetic Waves 124

14.4 The Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum 126

Questions 128

Problems 128

Chapter 15 Optics 130

15.1 Laws of Reflection and Refraction 131

15.2 The Plane Mirror and Spherical Mirrors 134

15.3 Images Formed by Refraction and Thin Lenses 137

15.4 The Coherence of Light 142

15.5 Two Beams Interference by Division of Wavefront 143

15.6 Optical Path and Optical Path Difference,a Property of Thin Lens 148

15.7 Interference by Division of Amplitude 150

15.8 Michelson Interferometer 156

15.9 Diffraction of Light and Huygens-Fresnel's Principle 158

15.10 Diffraction from a Single Slit 160

15.11 Diffraction Grating 165

15.12 Resolving Power of Optical Instruments 168

15.13 X-Ray Diffraction by Crystals 170

15.14 Polarization of Light and Malus's Law 172

15.15 Polarization by Reflection 174

15.16 Double Refraction 176

15.17 Optical Stress Analysis 179

Questions 180

Problems 181

Part Five The Modern Physics 187

Chapter 16 The Special Theory of Relativity 187

16.1 The Michelson-Morley Experiment 187

16.2 The Postulates of Special Relativity 189

16.3 The Lorentz Transformation 190

16.4 Some Consequences of the Lorentz Transformation 193

16.5 The Lorentz Transformation of Velocities 197

16.6 The Relativistic Dynamic Theory 199

Appendix 1 203

Appendix 2 204

Questions 205

Problems 206

Chapter 17 The Quantization of Light 208

17.1 Thermal Radiation and Planck's Theory of Radiation 208

17.2 The Photoelectric Effect 212

17.3 The Compton Effect 215

Questions 218

Problems 219

Chapter 18 Quantum Theory of the Atoms 220

18.1 Rutherford's Experiment and the Nuclear Atom 220

18.2 Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Model of Hydrogen 222

18.3 De Broglie's Postulate and Matter Waves 228

18.4 The Uncertainty Principle 232

18.5 The Wave Function,Schr？dinger Equation,and Born's Interpretation of Wave Functions 234

18.6 The Infinite Potential Well 238

18.7 The Hydrogen Atom and Electron Spin 241

18.8 Multielectron Atoms and the Periodic Table 244

Questions 248

Problems 249

Chapter 19 The Band Theory of Solids 251

19.1 The Crystals 251

19.2 Energy Bands in Solids 254

19.3 Metals,Insulators,and Semiconductors 256

19.4 Doping and p-n Junction 259

19.5 Laser 262

Questions 265

Appendix 1 The International System of Units 267

Appendix 2 Some Fundamental Constants of Physics 269

Words 270

Answers to Problems 276