计算机组织与结构 性能设计 4版 英文版PDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ OVERVIEW 1

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3

1.1 Organization and Architecture 3

1.2 Structure and Function 4

1.3 Outline of the Book 9

CONTENTS 11

PREFACE 11

CHAPTER 2 Computer Evolution and Performance 15

2.1 A Brief History of Computers 15

2.2 Designing for Performance 36

2.3 Pentium and PowerPC Evolution 40

2.4 Recommended Reading 44

2.5 Problems 45

PART Ⅱ THE COMPUTER SYSTEM 47

3.1 Computer Components 49

CHAPTER 3 System Buses 49

3.2 Computer Function 52

3.3 Interconnection Structures 65

3.4 Bus Interconnection 65

3.5 PCI 75

3.6 Futurebus+ 84

3.7 Recommended Reading 94

3.8 Problems 94

APPENDIX 3A Timing Diagrams 97

CHAPTER 4 Internal Memory 100

4.1 Computer Memory System Overview 100

4.2 Semiconductor Main Memory 108

4.3 Cache Memory 121

4.4 Advanced DRAM Organization 140

4.5 Recommended Reading 146

4.6 Problems 147

Appendix 4A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories 149

5.1 Magnetic Disk 155

CHAPTER 5 External Memory 155

5.2 RAID 161

5.3 Optical Memory 169

5.4 Magnetic Tape 174

5.5 Recommended Reading 175

5.6 Problems 175

CHAPTER 6 Input/Output 178

6.1 External Devices 178

6.2 I/O Modules 182

6.3 Programmed I/O 186

6.4 Interrupt-Driven I/O 190

6.5 Direct Memory Access 199

6.6 I/O Channels and Processors 202

6.7 The External Interface 204

6.8 Recommended Reading 218

6.9 Problems 219

7.1 Operating System Overview 222

CHAPTER 7 Operating System Support 222

7.2 Scheduling 234

7.3 Memory Management 240

7.4 Recommended Reading 262

7.5 Problems 263

PART Ⅲ THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 267

CHAPTER 8 Computer Arithmetic 269

8.1 The Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU) 269

8.2 Integer Representation 270

8.3 Integer Arithmetic 275

8.4 Floating-Point Representation 289

8.5 Floating-Point Arithmetic 295

8.6 Recommended Reading 304

8.7 Problems 305

APPENDIX 8A Number Systems 306

CHAPTER 9 Instruction Sets:Characteristics and Functions 313

9.1 Machine Instruction Characteristics 313

9.2 Types of Operands 320

9.3 Types of Operations 325

9.4 Assembly Language 344

9.5 Recommended Reading 346

9.6 Problems 346

APPENDIX 9A Stacks 351

APPENDIX 9B Little-,Big-,and Bi-Endian 356

CHAPTER 10 Instruction Sets:Addressing Modes and Formats 361

10.1 Addressing 361

10.2 Instruction Formats 374

10.3 Recommended Reading 386

10.4 Problems 386

CHAPTER 11 CPU Structure and Function 388

11.1 Processor Organization 388

11.2 Register Organization 389

11.3 The Instruction Cycle 396

11.4 Instruction Piplining 400

11.5 The Pentium Processor 412

11.6 The PowerPC Processor 418

11.7 Recommended Reading 425

11.8 Problems 425

CHAPTER 12 Reduced Instruction Set Computers(RISCs) 428

12.1 Instruction Execution Characteristics 429

12.2 The Use of a Large Register File 434

12.3 Compiler-Based Register Optimization 439

12.4 Reduced Instruction Set Architecture 440

12.5 RISC Pipelining 447

12.6 Motorola 88510 451

12.7 MIPS R4650 458

12.8 The RISC versus CISC Controversy 465

12.9 Recommended Reading 466

12.10 Problems 467

CHAPTER 13 Superscalar Processors 472

13.1 Overview 472

13.2 Design Issues 477

13.3 PowerPC 485

13.4 Pentium 492

13.5 Recommended Reading 497

13.6 Problems 498

PART Ⅳ THE CONTROL UNIT 501

CHAPTER 14 Control Unit Operation 503

14 1 Micro-operations 503

14.2 Control of the CPU 510

14.3 Hardwired Implementation 520

14 4 Recommended Reading 524

14.5 Problems 524

CHAPTER 15 Microprogrammed Control 526

15.1 Basic Concepts 526

15.2 Microinstruction Sequencing 535

15.3 Microinstruction Execution 541

15.4 TI 8800 551

15.5 Applications of Microprogramming 560

15.6 Recommended Reading 563

15.7 Problems 564

PART Ⅴ PARALLEL ORGANIZATION 567

CHAPTER 16 Parallel Processing 569

16.1 Multiprocessing 569

16.2 Cache Coherence and the MESI Protocol 578

16.3 Vector Computation 584

16.4 Parallel Processors 597

16.5 Recommended Reading 603

16.6 Problems 603

A.1 Boolean Algebra 606

APPENDIX Digital Logic 606

A.2 Gates 608

A.3 Combinational Circuits 610

A.4 Sequential Circuits 632

A.6 Problems 643

Glossary 646

References 655

Index 669