Internet路由结构PDF电子书下载

PART 1 THE CONTEMPORARY INTERNET 1

Chapter 1 Evolution of the Interent 3

Origins of the Interent 3

The Internet Today 6

NSFNET Solicitations 7

Network Access Points 8

Route Arbiter Project 13

The very high-speed Backbone Network Service(vBNS) 17

Moving the Regional Providers 19

NSF Solicits NIS Managers 20

Other Internet Registries 29

Internetworking Routing Registries (IRR) 30

Looking Ahead 31

Frequently Asked Questions 33

References 34

Chapter 2 ISP Services and Characteristics 37

ISP Services 38

ISP Pricing and Technical Characteristics 39

Looking Ahead 48

Frequently Asked Questions 49

Chapter 3 Handing Ip Address Depletion 53

Overview of Ipv4 Addressing 54

Basic Addressing 54

IP Address Space Depletion 60

Looking Ahead 82

Frequently Asked Questions 83

References 85

PART 2 ROUTING PROTOCOL BASICS 87

Chapter 4 Interdomain Routing Basics 89

Overview of Routers and Routing 89

Segregating the World into Administrations 95

Border Gateway Protocol Version 4 101

UPDATE Message and Routing Information 113

Looking Ahead 119

Frequently Asked Questions 120

References 122

Chapter 5 Tuning BGP Capabilities 125

Building Peer Sessions 125

Sources of Routing Updates 132

Overlapping Protocols: Backdoors 140

The Routing Process Simplified 141

Controlling BGP Routes 147

Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation 169

BGP4 Aggregation 180

Looking Ahead 186

Frequently Asked Questions 187

References 190

PART 3 EFFECTIVE INTERNET ROUTING DESIGNS 191

Chapter 6 Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing 193

Redundancy 194

Symmetry 201

Load Balancing 201

Specific Scenarios: Designing Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing 203

Looking Ahead 228

Frequently Asked Questions 229

Chapter 7 Controlling Routing Inside the Autonomous System 233

Interaction of Non-BGP Routers with BGP Routers 233

BGP Policies Conflicting with Internal Defaults 236

Policy Routing 244

Looking Ahead 248

Frequently Asked Questions 249

Chapter 8 Controlling Large-Scale Autonomous Systems 253

Route Reflectors 253

Confederations 263

Controlling IGP Expansion 267

Virtual Private Networks with Route Reflectors 275

Looking Ahead 277

Frequently Asked Questions 279

References 280

Chapter 9 Designing Stable Internets 283

Route Instabilities on the Internet 283

BGP Stability Features 288

Looking Ahead 294

Frequently Asked Questions 295

PART 4 INTERNET ROUTING DEVICE CONFIGURATION 297

Chapter 10 Configuring Basic BGP Functions and Attributes 299

Building Peering Sessions 300

Route Filtering and Attribute Manipulation 306

Peer Groups 312

Sources of Routing Updates 315

Overlapping Protocols: (Backdoors) 324

BGP Attributes 326

BGP4 Aggregation 342

Looking Ahead 365

Redundancy, Symmetry, and Load Balancing 367

Chapter 11 Configuring Effective Internet Routing Policies 367

Following Defaults Inside an AS 399

Policy Routing 418

Route Reflectors 422

Confederations 426

Controlling Route and Cache Invalidation 433

Route Dampening 437

Looking Ahead 442

Appendix A RIPE-181 443

RIPE Objects 443

Setting Policies in the AS Object 449

Finding Information in the Database 460

Index 460