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1 The Case for Bluetooth 1

What About Infrared? 2

Infrared and Bluetooth? 3

Speed Differential 4

Wireless to Wireline 4

Dialup to the Internet 5

How About Wireless LANs? 6

HomeRF Networks 8

Bluetooth Advantage 13

Origin of Bluetooth 14

What s With the Name? 15

Bluetooth Technology 16

Types of Links 17

Ad Hoc Networking 17

Voice over Bluetooth 18

Video over Bluetooth 19

Radio Link 21

Interference 21

Personal Area Networks 22

Safety 22

Bluetooth Topology 23

Security 25

What Can You Do With Bluetooth? 26

Presentations 26

Card Scanning 27

Collaboration 27

Synchronizing Data 27

Printing 28

Remote Synchronization 28

In-Car Systems 29

Communicator Platforms 29

Electronic Books 30

Travel 31

Home Entertainment 32

Payment Systems 32

Scanners 33

Behavior Enforcement 34

Mobile E-commerce 34

Java and Bluetooth 37

Jini and Bluetooth 38

Other Connectivity Solutions 40

JetSend 40

HAVi 41

Global 3G Wireless Framework 42

Problems with Bluetooth 44

Bluetooth Qualification Program 45

Market for Bluetooth 45

Summary 46

2 Basic Concepts 49

Serial versus Parallel 50

Serial Transmission 51

Parallel Transmission 51

Asynchronous versus Synchronous 53

Asynchronous 54

Synchronous 57

Spread Spectrum 60

Spreading 62

Direct Sequence 64

Frequency Hopping 65

Circuit and Packet Switching 66

Time Division Duplexing 68

Physical Links 74

SCO Links 74

ACL Links 75

Peeking into Packets 75

Bluetooth Packets 77

Access Code 77

Header 79

Payload 81

Logical Channels 82

Client-Server Architecture 83

Architectural Model 83

Service Discovery 86

Summary 88

3 Bluetooth Protocol Architecture 89

What Are Protocols? 90

Open Systems Interconnection 91

Application Layer 92

Presentation Layer 94

Session Layer 95

Transport Layer 96

Network Layer 97

Data-Link Layer 98

Physical Layer 99

Bluetooth Protocol Stack 101

Bluetooth Core Protocols 103

Baseband 104

Link Manager Protocol(LMP) 104

Cable Replacement Protocols 105

RFCOMM 105

Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol 105

Service Discovery Protocol(SDP) 105

Telephony Control Protocols 107

Adopted Protocols 107

PPP 107

TCP/UDP/IP 108

OBEX Protocol 110

Wireless Application Protocol(WAP) 111

WAP Applications Environment(WAE) 113

Content Formats 116

Usage Models and Profiles 118

Summary 120

4 Link Management 121

Types of PDUs 123

General Response Messages 127

Authentication 127

Pairing 128

Changing the Link Key 129

Changing a Temporary Link Key 130

Changing the Current Link Key 130

Encryption 131

Clock Offset Request 133

Slot Offset Information 133

Timing Accuracy Information Request 134

LMP Version 134

Supported Features 136

Switching of Master-Slave Role 136

Hold Mode 137

Detach 137

Name Request 137

Sniff Mode 138

Park Mode 139

Power Control 140

Channel Quality-Driven Change of Data Rate 141

Quality of Service(QoS) 142

SCO Links 143

Control of Multi-Slot Packets 144

Paging Scheme 145

Connection Establishment 146

Link Supervision 146

Test Modes 147

Error Handling 147

Summary 148

5 Logical Link Control 149

L2CAP Functions 151

Basic Operation 152

Channel Identifiers 153

Segmentation and Reassembly 154

State Machine 155

Events 157

Actions 161

Channel Operational States 163

Mapping Events to Actions 164

Data Packet Format 168

Connection-Oriented Channel 168

Connectionless Data Channel 169

Signaling 170

Packet Structure 170

Signaling Commands 171

Configuration Parameter Options 173

Packet Structure 173

Options 174

Configuration Process 175

Service Primitives 176

Event Indication 176

Connect 176

Write 177

Configuration Response 177

Disconnect 177

Connect Response 177

Configure 177

Read 178

Group Create 178

Group Close 178

Group Add Member 178

Group Remove Member 178

Disable Connectionless Traffic 179

Summary 179

Enable Connectionless Traffic 179

Ping 179

Get Info 179

Get Group Membership 179

6 Bluetooth General Profiles 181

Generic Access Profile 182

Common Parameters 184

Idle Mode Procedures 186

Bonding 187

Establishment Procedures 188

Serial Port Profile 190

Application-Level Procedures 191

Power Mode and Link Loss Handling 193

RS-232 Control Signals 193

L2CAP Interoperability Requirements 194

SDP Interoperability Requirements 195

Link Manager Interoperability Requirements 195

Service Discovery Application Profile 196

Client and Server Roles 197

Pairing 199

Service Discovery Application 200

Message Sequence 202

Service Discovery 202

Signaling 203

Configuration Options 204

SDP Transactions and L2CAP Connections 204

Link Manager 206

Link Control 208

Generic Object Exchange Profile(GOEP) 210

Server and Client 211

Profile Stack 211

Profile Basics 212

Features 213

OBEX Operations 213

Summary 214

7 Bluetooth Profiles for Usage Models 217

Intercom Profile 218

Call Procedures 221

Call Failure 223

Message Summary 223

Cordless Telephony Profile 225

Device Roles 226

Typical Call Scenarios 227

Features 229

Terminal-to-Gateway Connection 230

Terminal-to-Terminal Connection 231

Call Control 232

Group Management 234

Periodic Key Update 235

Service Discovery Procedures 236

Inter-Piconet Capability 236

LMP Procedures 237

Link Control Features 238

GAP Compliance 239

Headset Profile 241

Profile Restrictions 243

Basic Operation 243

Features 244

Link Control Features 246

GAP Compliance 247

Dialup Networking Profile 248

Profile Restrictions 250

Basic Operation 250

Services 251

Gateway Commands 251

Audio Feedback 253

Service Discovery Procedures 254

Link Control Features 254

GAP Compliance 254

Fax Profile 256

Profile Restrictions 257

Basic Operation 258

Services 259

Gateway Commands 259

Audio Feedback 260

Service Discovery Procedures 260

Link Control Features 260

GAP Compliance 260

LAN Access Profile 261

Profile Restrictions 263

Basic Operation 264

Security 265

GAP Compliance 265

Service Discovery Procedures 266

Link Control 267

Management Entity Procedures 267

File Transfer Profile 268

Basic Operation 270

Functions 270

Features 271

OBEX Operations 272

Service Discovery Procedures 273

Object Push Profile 273

Functions 275

Basic Operation 276

Features 277

Content Formats 277

OBEX Operations 278

Service Discovery Procedures 278

Synchronization Profile 279

Basic Operation 281

Features 283

OBEX Operations 284

Service Discovery Procedures 284

Summary 286

8 Bluetooth Security 289

Security Modes 290

Link-level Security 291

A Matter of Trust 292

Implementation 293

Flexible Access 293

Architecture Overview 294

Security Level of Services 296

Connection Setup 296

Authentication on Baseband Link Setup 297

Protocol Stack Handling 298

Registration Procedures 299

Connectionless L2CAP 301

Security Manager 301

Access Control Procedures 301

External Key Management 301

Interface to L2CAP 305

Interface to Other Multiplexing Protocols 306

Interface to ESCE 306

Registration Procedures 306

Interface to HCI/Link Manager 307

Summary 308

9 Bluetooth in the Global Scheme of 3G Wireless 309

The IMT-2000 Vision 311

Spanning the Generations 311

Time Division Multiple Access 314

Current 2G Networks 314

Code Division Multiple Access 316

CDMA versus TDMA 317

GSM 318

Global 3G Initiative 326

Standards Development 326

Goals of IMT-2000 328

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 329

U．S. Participation in 3G 334

CDMA Proposals 334

TDMA Proposal 338

Role of Bluetooth 339

Summary 341

Appendix A 343

Contributors to the Bluetooth Specification 343

Appendix B 347

Terms and Definitions 347

Appendix C 371

Acronyms 371

Index 381