Jordan-Burrows Textbook of Bacteriology Fifteenth EditionPDF电子书下载

1．THE HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BACTERIOLOGY 1

2．LABORATORY METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF BACTERIA 8

Sterilization 8

Preparation of Culture Media 9

Microscopic Examination of Bacteria 15

MOTILITY 15

STAINING 16

THE GRAM STAIN 17

Culture of Bacteria 20

METHODS OF OBTAINING PURE CULTURES 20

CARBON DIOXIDE TENSION 22

CULTIVATION OF OBLIGATE ANAEROBES 22

Systematic Study of Bacteria in Pure Culture 23

Animal Inoculation 24

ROUTES OF INOCULATION 24

Immunological Methods 26

THE PRECIPITIN REACTION 28

AGGLUTINATION 30

COMPLEMENT FIXATION 32

3．MORPHOLOGY，CELL STRUCTURE，GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BACTERIA 36

SIZE 36

MORPHOLOGY 37

SHAPE 37

INVOLUTION FORMS 40

The Structure of Bacterial Cells 40

THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE 41

THE DARKFIELD OR ULTRAMICRO-SCOPE 41

THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE 41

CAPSULES 42

FLAG-ELLA 42

SPORES 45

THE FINER STRUCTURE OF THE BACTERIAL CELL 48

Colonial Morphology 51

Bacterial Growth 53

GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION 53

THE GROWTH OF BACTERIAL POPULATIONS 55

MORPHOLOGIC VARIATION DURING GROWTH 59

The Chemical Composition of Bacteria 59

4．BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY 61

Respiration 63

OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIAL 64

MECHANISM OF BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION 67

RESPIRATORY ENZYMES IN BACTERIA 68

THE RELATION OF BACTERIA TO MOLECULAR OXYGEN 73

THE ROLE OF PHOS-PHORYLATED COMPOUNDS IN THE CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF THE ENERGY LIBERATED IN RESPIRATION 75

The Autotrophic Bacteria 78

THE NITRIFYING BACTERIA 78

THE SULFUR BACTERIA 79

THE IRON BACTERIA 82

THE OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN 83

THE OXIDATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE 84

Heterotrophic Bacteria 84

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 84

BREAKDOWN OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES AND POLYSACCHARIDES 85

ANAEROBIC BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE AND OTHER HEXOSES 87

AEROBIC BREAKDOWN OF CARBOHYDRATE 95

SYNTHESIS OF CELL SUBSTANCES FROM CARBOHYDRATES 99

REGULATION OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM 103

Nitrogen Metabolism 104

THE HYDROLYSIS OF PROTEINS 104

THE DECOMPOSITION OF AMINO ACIDS 106

SYNTHESIS OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS 108

THE DECOMPOSITION OF FATS 110

Nitrogen Fixation 110

THE SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA 113

The Nutritive Requirements of Bacteria 114

OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES 115

＂BUILDING STONES，＂ 115

THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS 116

THE ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS 116

GROWTH ACCESSORY SUBSTANCES OR BACTERIAL VITAMINS 117

CARBON DIOXIDE 121

The Effects Produced by Bacterial Growth 122

THE PRODUCTS OF DEGRADATION 122

THE PRODUCTS OF SYNTHESIS 123

THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL GROWTH 125

Bacterial Activity in Mixed Cultures(Bacterial Association) 125

BENEFICIAL ASSOCIATIONS 126

BACTERIAL ANTAGONISMS 126

THE ANTIBIOTIC SUBSTANCES 128

BACTERIAL SYNERGISM 134

5．THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS ON BACTERIA 136

Physical Agents 136

TEMPERATURE RELATIONS 136

THE LETHAL EFFECTS OF HEAT 138

COLD 140

DRYING 141

LIGHT AND OTHER RADIATIONS 141

OTHER PHYSICAL AGENTS 143

Chemical Agents 144

WATER 144

ACIDS AND ALKALIS 145

SALTS 145

OXIDIZING AGENTS 146

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 147

DYES 149

GASEOUS DISINFECTANTS 150

THE SPECIFICITY OF DISINFECTANTS 150

THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS 151

THE MECHANISM OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION 152

FACTORS INFLUENCING DISINFECTION 156

THE DYNAMICS OF DISINFECTION 157

THE STANDARDIZATION OF DISINFECTANTS 158

6．BACTERIAL HEREDITY AND VARIATION 162

Observed Variations of Bacteria 165

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION 165

BACTERIAL DISSOCIATION 165

VARIATION IN CELL STRUCTURES 168

INVOLUTION FORMS 169

BACTERIAL LIFE CYCLES 171

FILTERABLE FORMS OF BACTERIA 172

PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION 172

ATTENUATION 172

BIOCHEMICAL VARIATION 174

IMMUNOLOGICAL VARIATION 181

Mechanisms of Variation 183

MUTATION 183

ENZYME BALANCE 185

The Interpretation of the Phenomena of Variation 187

BACTERIAL PHYLOGENY 188

PARASITISM 189

7．THE CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 191

NOMENCLATURE 196

8．THE RELATION OF BACTERIA TO DISEASE 198

KOCH＇S POSTULATES 198

Virulence 201

THE MEASUREMENT OF VIRULENCE 201

TOXINS 202

THE＂INVASIVENESS＂OF BACTERIA 206

HEMOLYSINS 206

LEUCOCIDINS 209

COAGULASE AND FIBRINOLYSIN 210

HYALURONIDASE(SPREADING FACTOR，INVASIN) 212

CAPSULES 212

MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS 213

RELATIVE PATHOGENICITY OF BACTERIA 214

MIXED AND SECONDARY INFECTIONS 215

Resistance 216

SPECIES，RACIAL AND INHERITED RESISTANCE 216

RACES OF MAN 218

AGE 219

SEX 221

CLIMATE AND SEASON 221

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL WELL-BEING 222

THE EXTERNAL DEFENSES OF THE ORGANISM 224

NORMAL FLORA 227

9．THE TRANSMISSION OF INFECTION 228

THE CARRIER 229

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TYPES OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 230

THE BACTERIAL POPULATION 233

THE HOST POPULATION 235

THE INTERACTION OF HOST AND PARASITE POPULATIONS 237

EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 241

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA AND THEIR INTERPRETATION 244

THE CONTROL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE 245

10．THE BACTERIOLOGY OF WATER AND SEWAGE 248

Water 248

BACTERIA NATIVE TO NATURAL WATERS 249

BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF NATURAL WATERS 250

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE KINDS AND NUMBERS OF BACTERIA 252

THE BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF WATER 253

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 255

THE ASSAY OF THE SANITARY QUALITY OF WATER 255

THE PURIFICATION OF WATER SUPPLIES 257

Sewage 260

11．THE BACTERIOLOGY OF MILK AND FOOD 262

Milk 262

SOURCES OF BACTERIA IN MILK 262

BACTERIA FROM INFECTED CATTLE 262

BACTERIA FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES 263

THE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM EXTERNAL SOURCES 265

THE BACTERICIDAL PROPERTY OF FRESH MILK 265

THE DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF MILK 266

THE HYGIENIC CONTROL OF MILK 268

THE REGULATION OF MILK QUALITY 270

MILK PRODUCTS 270

Food Poisoning and Food-Borne Infection 271

FOOD POISONS OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN 271

FOOD-BORNE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS 273

SHELLFISH AND DISEASE 274

FOOD-BORNE PARASITIC INFECTIONS 275

12．IMMUNITY－ANTIGENS，ANTIBODIES AND THE ANTIGEN ANTIBODY REACTION 276

Antigens 276

ISO-ANTIGENS 277

THE SPECIFICITY OF ANTIGENS 278

THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF SPECIFICITY 279

HAPTENES 281

NON-PROTEIN ANTIGENS 282

THE ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA 283

Antibodies 285

ANTITOXINS 286

THE BACTERICIDAL SUBSTANCES－LYSINS 289

OPSONINS 294

AGGLUTININS 298

PRECIPITINS 303

ABLASTIN 305

NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES 306

THE NATURE OF ANTIBODIES 307

THE＂UNITARIAN＂HYPOTHESIS 309

The Antigen-Antibody Reaction 310

EHRLICH＇S RECEPTOR THEORY 310

THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION AS AN ADSORPTION PHENOMENON 312

THE MODERN CONCEPT 313

VALENCE OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY 314

THE SECOND STAGE OF THE ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTION 315

13．IMMUNITY－THE IMMUNE STATE 318

HUMORAL IMMUNITY 318

CELLULAR IMMUNITY 320

THE SITE OF FORMATION OF ANTIBODIES 323

LOCAL IMMUNITY 326

NATURAL IMMUNITY 327

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY 330

Hypersensitivity 334

ANAPHYLAXIS 334

SERUM SICKNESS 338

ALLERGY 339

HYPERSENSITIVITY IN INFECTION 343

THE RELATIONSHIP OF HYPERSENSITIVITY AND IMMUNITY 344

14．THE STAPHYLOCOCCI 346

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 346

PHYSIOLOGY 346

TOXINS 348

VARIATION 349

CLASSIFICATION 349

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 350

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS 351

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 351

IMMUNITY 353

Other Micrococci 354

15．THE STREPTOCOCCI 355

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 355

PHYSIOLOGY 356

THE FORMATION OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES 357

VARIATION 358

CLASSIFICATION 360

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 367

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 367

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE 369

IMMUNITY TO STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION 369

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION 371

Streptococcal Infection of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues 371

ERYSIPELAS 371

WOUND INFECTION 372

Streptococcal Infection of the Upper Respiratory Tract 373

STREPTOCOCCUS SORE THROAT(SEPTIC SORE THROAT) 373

Scarlet Fever 374

THE ERYTHROGENIC TOXIN 375

SCARLET FEVER ANTITOXIN 376

PROPHYLACTIC INOCULATION 376

Rheumatic Fever 377

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis 379

Puerperal Fever 380

16．THE PNEUMOCOCCI 381

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 382

PHYSIOLOGY 382

TOXINS 384

CLASSIFICATION 384

VARIATION 388

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 388

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS 392

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 392

IMMUNITY 393

17．THE GRAM-NEGATIVE PATHOGENIC COCCI(NEISSERIA)：THE GONOCOCCUS AND THE MENINGOCOCCUS 395

The Gonococcus 395

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 396

PHYSIOLOGY 397

TOXINS 398

VARIATION 398

CLASSIFICATION 399

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 399

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF GONOCOCCUS INFECTION 401

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 402

IMMUNITY 402

The Meningococcus 402

MORPHOLOGY＇AND STAINING 403

PHYSIOLOGY 404

TOXINS 405

VARIATION 405

CLASSIFICATION 405

PATHOGENICITY＇FOR MAN 406

BACTERIAL DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION 410

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 411

IMMUNITY 411

Other Gram-Negative Diplococci 412

NEISSERIA CATARRHALIS 412

NEISSERIA SICCA 413

THE PIGMENTED FORMS 413

THE OBLIGATE ANAEROBIC SPECIES 413

18．THE ENTERIC BACILLI：THE COLIFORM BACTERIA，FRIED-LANDER＇S BACILLUS，AND PROTEUS 414

Bacterium Coli 418

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 418

PHYSIOLOGY 419

VARIATION 419

TOXINS 419

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 420

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 420

VARIETIES OF BACTERIUM COLI 420

Bacterium Aerogenes 422

THE COLON-AEROGENES INTERMEDIATES 423

THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS OF THE COLIFORM BACTERIA 424

THE ECOLOGY OF THE COLIFORM BACTERIA 425

Friedlander＇s Bacillus 425

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 425

PHYSIOLOGY 426

VARIATION 426

CLASSIFICATION 426

PATHOGENICITY 427

RELATED BACTERIA 428

Proteus 428

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 428

PHYSIOLOGY 429

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 430

PATHOGENICITY 430

MORGAN＇S BACILLUS 431

19．THE ENTERIC BACILLI：THE SALMONELLA GROUP 432

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 432

PHYSIOLOGY 432

TOXINS 433

THE IMMUNOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SALMONELLA BACILLI 433

CLASSIFICATION 438

VARIATION 438

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF SALMONELLA INFECTION 440

ECOLOGY 442

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 442

THE PARATYPHOID FEVERS 443

PARATYPHOID GASTRO-ENTERITIS 445

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 446

20．THE ENTERIC BACILLI：THE TYPHOID BACILLUS 448

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 448

PHYSIOLOGY 449

TOXINS 450

CLASSIFICATIONS AND ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 451

VARIATION 452

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 453

CARRIERS 455

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID BACILLUS INFECTION 456

EPIDEMIOLOGY 457

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 459

IMMUNITY 460

Alcaligenes Fecalis 463

21．THE ENTERIC BACILLI：THE DYSENTERY BACILLI 464

CLASSIFICATION 464

SHIGELLA SHIGAE 465

SHIGELLA PARASHIGAE 466

SHIGELLA AMBIGUA 467

SHIGELLA FLEXNERI 467

SHIGELLA ALKALESCENS 470

SHIGELLA SONNEI 471

SHIGELLA DISPAR 471

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 472

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BACILLARY DYSENTERY 473

EPIDEMIOLOGY 474

IMMUNITY 475

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 476

22．THE CHOLERA VIBRIO AND RELATED FORMS 478

Vibrio Cholerae 478

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 478

PHYSIOLOGY 479

TOXIN 482

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 483

VARIATION 484

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 484

RACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASIATIC CHOLERA 486

EPIDEMIOLOGY 486

IMMUNITY 488

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 489

Paracholera Vibrios and Non-Cholera Vibrios 490

THE EL TOR VIBRIOS 490

THE CELEBES VIBRIO 490

OTHER PATHOGENIC VIBRIOS 491

23．BRUCELLA 492

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 492

PHYSIOLOGY 493

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 495

VARIATION 495

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 496

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 498

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS 500

IMMUNITY 501

Brucella Bronchiseptica 501

24．PASTEURELLA 502

Pasteurella Pestis－The Plague Bacillus 503

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 504

PHYSIOLOGY 504

TOXINS 505

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 505

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF PLAGUE 509

IMMUNITY 509

Pasteurella Pseudotuberculosis 510

Pasteurella Tularensis 510

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 510

PHYSIOLOGY 511

PATHOGENICITY 511

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TULAREMIA 514

IMMUNITY 514

25．THE HEMOPHILIC BACTERIA 515

Hemophilus Influenzae(Pfeiffer＇s Bacillus) 515

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 515

PHYSIOLOGY 516

VARIETIES 517

VARIATION AND ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 518

TOXINS 518

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 519

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 519

The Koch-Weeks Bacillus 520

Hemophilus Pertussis 520

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 521

PHYSIOLOGY 521

TOXINS 522

VARIATION AND ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 522

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 523

BACTERIAL DIAGNOSIS OF WHOOPING COUGH 524

EPIDEMIOLOGY 524

IMMUNITY 525

The Morax-Axenfeld Diplobacillus(Hemophilus Duplex) 526

Ducrey＇s Bacillus(Hemophilus Ducreyi) 527

26．PSEUDOMONAS；LACTOBACILLUS；LISTERIA；BACTE-ROIDES；BARTONELLA；PLEUROPNEUMONIA GROUP；DONOVANIA 529

Pseudomonas Pyocyanea 529

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 529

PHYSIOLOGY 529

PATHOGENICITY 530

Lactobacillus 531

PHYSIOLOGY 533

PATHOGENICITY 533

LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS 533

LACTOBACILLUS BIFIDUS 534

LACTOBACILLUS BUL-GARICUS 534

Dental Caries 535

Related Bacteria 537

MICROBACTERIUM 537

PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA 537

Listeria 538

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 539

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 539

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS 539

Non-Spore-Forming Anaerobic Bacilli(Bacteroides) 540

BACTEROIDES FUSIFORMIS 541

BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS 542

BAC-TEROIDES FUNDULIFORMIS 542

BACTEROIDES RAMOSUS 542

BACTEROIDES MELANINOGENICUS 544

BACTEROIDES PNEUMOSINTES 544

Bartonella 544

BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS 544

BARTONELLOSIS OF ANIMALS 546

THE SYSTEMIC POSITION OF BARTONELLA 547

The Pleuropneumonia-Like Organisms 547

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 547

PHYSIOLOGY 549

VARIETIES，STRAINS OR SPECIES 550

Donovania Granulomatis 554

27．BACILLUS－THE SPORE-FORMING AEROBES 556

Bacillus Anthracis 556

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 556

PHYSIOLOGY 558

VARIATION 559

TOXINS 559

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 559

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 561

IMMUNITY 562

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ANTHRAX 563

Related Bacilli 564

28．CLOSTRIDIUM－THE SPORE-FORMING ANAEROBES 566

Tetanus(Clostridium Tetani) 568

MORPHOLOGY 568

PHYSIOLOGY 569

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE 570

TETANUS TOXIN 570

PATHOGENICITY 572

IMMUNITY 573

Gaseous Gangrene 575

1．THE VIBRION SEPTIQUE，CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM 577

MORPHOLOGY 577

PHYSIOLOGY 578

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE AND TOXIN 578

PATHOGENICITY 578

2．CLOSTRIDIUM WELCHII(CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS) 579

MORPHOLOGY 579

TYPES 580

TOXINS 581

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 582

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 583

3．CLOSTRIDIUM NOVYI(CLOSTRIDIUM OEDEMATIENS) 584

MORPHOLOGY 584

PHYSIOLOGY 584

ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE AND TOXIN 585

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 585

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 586

4．CLOSTRIDIUM HISTOLYTICUM 586

MORPHOLOGY 586

PHYSIOLOGY 587

PATHOGENICITY 587

5．CLOSTRIDIUM SPOROGENES 587

MORPHOLOGY 588

PATHOGENICITY 589

Blackleg(Clostridium Chauvei) 589

MORPHOLOGY 589

PHYSIOLOGY 590

PATHOGENICITY 590

IMMUNIZATION 591

Clostridium Botulinum 591

MORPHOLOGY 591

PHYSIOLOGY 591

TYPES 592

TOXINS 593

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 594

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 595

IMMUNITY 595

Differentiation of the Sporulating Anaerobes 596

29．THE GLANDERS BACILLUS(MALLEOMYCES MALLEI) 599

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 599

PHYSIOLOGY 600

CLASSIFICATION 601

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 601

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 602

PATH OF ENTRANCE 602

DIAGNOSIS 602

IMMUNITY AND PROPHYLAXIS 604

Malleomyces Whitman(Mallcomyces Pseudomallei) 604

30．CORYNEBACTERIUM(THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS) 606

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 606

PHYSIOLOGY 608

TOXIN 610

VARIATION 611

TYPES 611

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 613

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 615

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIPHTHERIA 615

IMMUNITY 616

PROPHYLACTIC IMMUNIZATION 617

PASSIVE IMMUNITY 619

EPIDEMIOLOGY 620

THE CONTROL OF DIPHTHERIA 622

The Diphtheroid Bacilli 623

31．MYCOBACTERIUM 625

The Tubercle Bacilli 625

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 625

PHYSIOLOGY 627

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 629

RESISTANCE 630

VARIATION 630

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 631

BACTERIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS 635

IMMUNITY 637

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 641

EPIDEMIOLOGY 643

The Bacillus of Leprosy(Mycobacterium Leprae) 646

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 646

CULTIVATION 647

PATHOGENICITY 648

TRANSMISSION 650

IMMUNITY 651

RAT LEPROSY 651

Other Acid-Fast Bacilli 652

MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS 652

THE VOLE BACILLUS 652

THE＂COLD-BLOODED＂MYCOBACTERIA 652

THE SAPROPHYTIC ACID-FAST BACILLI 652

32．MEDICAL MYCOLOGY：THE PATHOGENIC ACTINOMY-CETES，MOLDS，YEASTS，AND RELATED MICROORGANISMS 654

I．The Actinomycetes 656

ACTINOMYCES BOVIS 659

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 660

PHYSIOLOGY 662

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 663

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 664

IMMUNITY 665

ISOLATION AND DIAGNOSIS 665

MYCETOMA 666

ACTINOMYCOTIC MYCETOMA 668

MADUROMYCOSIS 668

DIAGNOSIS 668

OTHER ACTINOMYCETES 668

ACTINOMYCES MURIS-RATTI(RAT-BITE FEVER，HAVERHILL FEVER) 670

ACTINOBACILLUS 672

ACTINOBACILLUS LIGNIERESI 672

ACTINOBACILLUS ACTINOIDES 673

ACTINOBACILLUS ACTINOMYCETUM-COMITANS 673

ERYSIPELOTHRIX RHUSIOPATHIAE 673

MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY 674

PATHOGENICITY 675

IMMUNITY 676

II．The Molds and Mold-Like Fungi 676

HYPHAE AND MYCELIUM 677

SPORE FORMATION 677

FUNGI IMPERFECTI 678

DIFFERENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GENERA AND SPECIES 678

MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION 681

CULTIVATION 681

ASPERGILLUS(ASPERGILLOSIS) 682

PATHOGENICITY FOR ANIMALS 682

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 683

FONSECAEA PEDROSOI(CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS) 684

SPOROTRICHUM SCHENCKII(SPOROTRICHOSIS) 685

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 686

EPIDEMIOLOGY 687

DIAGNOSIS 687

IMMUNITY 688

THE DERMATOPHYTES 688

DIFFERENTIATION OF GENERA AND SPECIES 690

PATHOGENICITY 693

IMMUNITY 698

CHARACTERISTICS OF DERMATOPHYTE SPECIES 699

DIAGNOSIS 705

III．Yeasts and Yeast-Like Fungi 706

CRYPTOCOCCUS HOMINIS(TORULA HISTOLYTICA) 707

EUROPEAN BLASTOMYCOSIS 708

TORULA MENINGITIS 709

THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 710

BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS(AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS) 711

THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 711

PATHOGENICITY 712

IMMUNITY 713

DIAGNOSIS 713

CANDIDA ALBICANS(MONILIA ALBICANS) 714

THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 715

PATHOGENICITY 716

COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS 718

THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 718

PATHOGENICITY 719

IMMUNITY 721

DIAGNOSIS 721

EPIDEMIOLOGY 722

PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS 722

HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM 722

THE CAUSATIVE ORGANISM 723

PATHOGENICITY 724

DIAGNOSIS 725

33．THE SPIROCHETES 726

The Spirochetes of the Relapsing Fevers(Borrelia) 727

MORPHOLOGY 727

CULTIVATION 727

CLASSIFICATION 730

PATHOGENICITY 731

IMMUNITY 732

DIAGNOSIS 733

EPIDEMIOLOGY 733

Vincent＇s Angina(Borrelia V incentii) 734

Syphilis(Treponema Pallidum) 735

MORPHOLOGY 736

CULTIVATION 736

PATHOGENICITY FOR MAN 738

IMMUNITY 740

SERODIAGNOSIS 740

PATHOGENICITY FOR LOWER ANIMALS 743

Yaws(Treponema Pertenue)and Bejel 743

YAWS 743

BEJEL 745

Pinta(Treponema Herrejoni) 745

ETIOLOGY 745

THE DISEASE IN MAN 746

TRANSMISSION 746

Other Treponemas 746

Leptospira 746

MORPHOLOGY 746

CULTIVATION 748

PATHOGENICITY 748

WEIL＇S DISEASE(INFECTIOUS JAUNDICE) 749

CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS 750

SWAMP FEVER 750

LEPTOSPIRA INFECTIONS OF THE FAR EAST 751

SAPROPHYTIC LEPTOSPIRA 752

Rat-Bite Fever(Spirillum Morsus Muris) 752

34．MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY(By Richard J．Porter，Ph．D．) 754

The Protozoa 755

THE INTESTINAL AMEBAE(RHIZOPODA) 755

ENDAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA 755

OTHER SPECIES OF AMEBAE PARASITIC IN MAN 760

CILIOPHORA 761

INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES(MASTIGOPHORA) 761

HEMOFLAGELLATES(MASTIGOPHORA) 762

THE TRYPANOSOMES 764

TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE 764

TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI 767

OTHER SPECIES OF TRYPANOSOMA 769

THE LEISHMANIAS 769

LEISHMANIA DONOVANI 769

LEISHMANIA TROPICA 772

LEISHMANIA BRAZILIENSIS 773

SPOROZOA 773

MALARIAL PARASITES 773

PARASITES OF UNCERTAIN AFFINITIES 783

TOXOPLASMA 783

SARCOCYSTIS 784

The Metazoa 784

PLATYHELMINTHES 784

TREMATODA 785

PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI 785

FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI 789

HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES 790

OTHER INTESTINAL TREMATODES 790

CLONORCHIS SINENSIS 790

THE HUMAN BLOOD FLUKES 791

OTHER SPECIES 793

CESTOIDEA 794

TAENIA SOLIUM 794

TAENIA SAGINATA 796

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS 796

OTHER TAPEWORMS RELATED TO TAENIA SOLIUM 798

HY-MENOLEPIS NANA 798

TAPEWORMS OF LOWER ANIMALS 799

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM 800

NEMATODA 801

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS 801

TRICHURIS TRICHIURA 803

ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES 803

HOOKWORMS 805

STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS 808

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS 810

WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI 812

OTHER SPECIES OF FILARIAL WORMS 814

35．THE RICKETTSIAE 816

MORPHOLOGY AND STAINING 816

CULTIVATION 817

RESISTANCE 819

PATHOGENICITY 819

IMMUNITY 820

CLASSIFICATION 824

The Typhus Fevers 824

EUROPEAN TYPHUS FEVER 825

MURINE TYPHUS 826

THE WEIL-FELIX REACTION IN THE TYPHUS FEVERS 827

The Spotted Fevers 828

ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER 829

SAO PAULO TYPHUS 830

FIEVRE BOUTONNEUSE 830

KENYA FEVER 830

SOUTH AFRICAN TICK FEVER 830

Q FEVER 830

BULLIS FEVER 831

RICKETTSIALPOX 832

Tsutsugamushi Disease(Scrub Typhus，Mite Typhus) 832

Trench Fever 833

Rickettsial Disease of Animals 834

HEARTWATER DISEASE 834

OTHER ANIMAL RICKETTSIAE 834

36．THE FILTERABLE VIRUSES(By F．B．Gordon．PhD．，M．D．) 835

CYTOTROPISM 836

INCLUSION BODIES 839

THE PHYSICAL CHARACTER OF VIRUSES 842

SIZE 844

MICROSCOPY 845

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS 847

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VIRUSES 849

CULTIVATION OF VIRUSES 850

VARIATION 851

IMMUNITY TO VIRUS DISEASES 852

THE NATURE OF VIRUSES(SUMMARY) 856

37．VIRUS DISEASES OF MAN(By F．B．Gordon，Ph．D．，M．D．) 858

Smallpox(Variola)and Vaccinia 858

EPIDEMIOLOGY 858

VACCINIA 859

THE VIRUS 860

IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SMALLPOX 860

Herpes 862

THE VIRUS 863

IMMUNITY 863

Influenza 865

ETIOLOGY 865

THE VIRUS 865

IMMUNITY 868

SWINE INFLUENZA 869

Primary Atypical Pneumonia(Virus Pneumonia) 870

The Common Cold 871

ETIOLOGY 871

THE VIRUS 872

PROPHYLAXIS 872

Measles(Rubeola) 873

THE VIRUS 873

IMMUNITY 874

RUBELLA(GERMAN MEASLES) 874

Mumps 875

The Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma Group 875

PSITTACOSIS 876

ORNITHOSIS 881

MENINGOPNEUMONITIS 881

HUMAN PNEUMONITIS 881

LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM 882

MOUSE PNEUMONITIS 883

FELINE PNEUMONITIS 883

ANN ARBOR VIRUS 884

Trachoma 884

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis 885

HUMAN INFECTION 885

ANIMAL RESERVOIRS 886

THE VIRUS 886

Yellow Fever 887

ETIOLOGY 887

THE VIRUS 889

MOSQUITO TRANSMISSION 889

CONTROL OF YELLOW FEVER 889

ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION 891

Dengue Fever 891

Phlebotomus Fever 892

Infectious Hepatitis 893

THE DISEASE 893

THE VIRUS 893

SERUM JAUNDICE 893

Encephalitis 894

LETHARGIC ENCEPHALITIS 895

THE ARTHROPOD-BORNE ENCEPH-ALITIDES 895

EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS 895

ST．LOUIS EN-CEPHALITIS 898

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS 900

RUSSIAN TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS 902

OTHER TYPES OF INFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS 902

RELATIONSHIPS OF THE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDES 903

POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALITIS 903

Poliomyelitis(Epidemic Infantile Paralysis) 904

THE VIRUS 905

EPIDEMIOLOGY 906

IMMUNITY 908

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS OF MICE 910

Rabies(Hydrophobia) 910

THE DISEASE IN DOGS 910

THE VIRUS 910

TRANSMISSION TO MAN 911

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS 912

RABIES PROPHYLAXIS 912

Other Virus Infections of Man 913

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM 913

WARTS 914

CHICKENPOX(VARI-CELLA)AND HERPES ZOSTER 914

EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS 914

RIFT VALLEY FEVER 915

FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE 915

NEWCASTLE DISEASE 915

FORT BRAGG(PRETIBIAl)FEVER 915

COLORADO TICK FEVER 915

38．BACTERIOPHAGE 917

DEMONSTRATION OF BACTERIOPHAGY 916

CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGE 917

MECHANISM OF PHAGE ACTION 922

EFFECT OF PHAGE ON BACTERIA 924

THERAPEUTIC USE OF PHAGE 925

INDEX 927