高时间分辨功能成像PDF电子书下载

Abstract 1

Acknowledgements 1

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Comparison between the MRI and others 1

1.2 Overview of the book 2

2 Nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging 3

2.1 NMR 3

2.1.1 Introduction 3

2.1.2 Nuclei and spin.energy levels 4

2.1.3 Spins in magnetic field 6

2.1.4 Boltzmann statistics 6

2.1.5 Rotating frame 8

2.1.6 Relaxation 8

2.1.7 Bloch equation 12

2.1.8 Chemical shift 13

2.2 MRI 13

2.2.1 Introduction 13

2.2.2 Gradients 14

2.2.3 Slice selection 15

2.2.4 Spatial encoding 16

2.2.5 k-space 18

2.2.6 Gradient echo imaging 20

2.2.7 Spin echo imaging 21

2.2.8 Echo planar imaging 22

2.2.9 Turbo spin echo imaging 24

2.2.10 GRASE 25

2.2.11 Parallel imaging 26

2.2.12 Simulation of matrix inversion 28

2.3 Hardware 32

2.3.1 Overview 32

2.3.2 Main magnet 33

2.3.3 Shim coils 33

2.3.4 Gradient coils 34

2.3.5 RF system 35

Bibliography 35

3 Functional magnetic resonance imaging 39

3.1 Introduction 39

3.2 Cerebral cortex 39

3.2.1 Somatosensory cortex 42

3.2.2 Motor cortex 44

3.2.3 Visual cortex 45

3.3 BOLD contrast 45

3.4 fMRI data acquisition 46

3.5 Paradigm 48

3.6 Data analysis 49

3.6.1 Pre-processing 49

3.6.2 Statistical analysis 51

3.7 Cortical flattening 52

3.8 Resting state 53

3.9 Perfusion imaging 54

3.10 Conclusion 55

Bibliography 56

4 A comparison of resting state functional connectivity using fast imaging:2D GE-EPI,3D GE-EPI and 3D PRESTO 63

4.1 Introduction 63

4.1.1 Brain networks 64

4.1.2 Default mode network(DMN) 66

4.1.3 Sensorimotor network 67

4.1.4 Visual network 68

4.1.5 Dorsal attention network 69

4.2 Overview of fast imaging sequences 69

4.2.1 Echo planar imaging 70

4.2.2 PRESTO 72

4.3 Methods 75

4.3.1 Data acquisition 75

4.3.2 Data analysis 75

4.4 Results 81

4.4.1 No physiological noise correction 81

4.4.2 Post physiological correction 89

4.5 Discussion 92

4.6 Conclusion 93

Bibliography 94

5 Implementation and application of multiband echo planar imaging in conjunction with SENSE 99

5.1 Introduction 99

5.2 Multiband imaging 100

5.2.1 Introduction 100

5.2.2 Multiband RF pulses 101

5.2.3 Optimization 104

5.2.4 Reconstruction 109

5.3 Implementation 109

5.4 Applications 116

5.4.1 Resting state fMRI 117

5.4.2 Somatotopic mapping of both primary and secondary somatosensory cortex 132

5.4.3 Multiband DABS ASL 141

5.5 Conclusion 152

Bibliography 152

6 Orientation mapping at ultra-high field 158

6.1 Visual cortex 158

6.2 Retinotopic organization 160

6.3 Orientation column organization 162

6.4 Introduction to the study 163

6.5 Methods 164

6.5.1 Stimuli and paradigm 164

6.5.2 fMRI data acquisition 165

6.5.3 Pre-processing 165

6.5.4 Data analysis 166

6.6 Results 167

6.7 Discussion 173

6.8 Conclusion 176

Bibliography 176

Abbreviations 179

Index 183