认知语言学与汉语研究PDF电子书下载

Part Ⅰ Views，commitments，foundations and assumptions 1

Chapter 1 Views and commitments 2

1.1 Three views 2

1.1.1 Experiential view 2

1.1.2 Prominent view 3

1.1.3 Attentional view 4

1.2 Two commitments 5

Chapter 2 Foundations and assumptions 6

2.1 Foundations 6

2.1.1 Sensation and perception 6

2.1.2 Types of experience 6

2.1.3 Cognition and cognitive economy 7

2.2 Assumptions of language 9

PartⅡ Concept and category 11

Chapter 3 Conceptualisation，concept and conceptual structure 13

3.1 Conceptualisation and concept 13

3.1.1 Conceptualisation 13

3.1.2 Concept 16

3.2 Conceptual structure 17

3.2.1 Definition 18

3.2.2 What does conceptual structure look like? 18

3.2.3 Conceptual structure and semantic structure 19

Chapter 4 Categorization and prototype category 22

4.1 Categorization 22

4.1.1 Definitions 22

4.1.2 Principles，rules and operation of categorization 24

4.1.3 Functions 27

4.1.4 Two dimensions 27

4.2 Prototype category 28

4.2.1 Family resemblance 28

4.2.2 Definitions of prototype category 29

4.2.3 Fuzziness of prototype category 30

4.2.4 Classification of prototype categories 31

4.2.5 Graded prototype categories and typicality effects 32

4.2.6 Attribute structure of prototype category 32

4.2.7 Prototype 33

4.2.8 Basic-level category 38

4.2.9 Problems with prototype category theory 41

4.3 Concept and category 42

Part Ⅲ Theories of conceptual knowledge structures 44

Chapter 5 Image schema 46

5.1 Image and schema 46

5.2 Image schema 46

5.2.1 Definitions of image schema 47

5.2.2 Classification of image schema 48

5.2.3 Properties of the basic/pre-conceptual image schema 48

5.2.4 An inventory of image schemas 49

5.2.5 Illustrations of some image schemas 51

5.3 Limitations 56

Chapter 6 Cognitive model and cultural model 57

6.1 Culture 57

6.1.1 Definitions from the cognitive perspective 57

6.1.2 Classifications 58

6.1.3 Attributes and characteristics 59

6.2 Cognitive model and idealized cognitive model 61

6.2.1 Definitions and characteristics of cognitive model 61

6.2.2 Definitions and principles of idealized cognitive model 62

6.3 Cultural model 63

6.3.1 Definition 63

6.3.2 Two types 63

6.4 Connection and distinction of cultural model and cognitive model 64

6.5 Major influences of culture on cognition 64

Chapter 7 Conceptual frame and domain 66

7.1 Conceptual frame 66

7.1.1 Definitions 66

7.1.2 Two basic components 69

7.1.3 Event frame 70

7.1.4 Speech event frame 72

7.2 Conceptual domain 73

7.2.1 Definitions 73

7.2.2 Classification 74

7.2.3 Connection and distinction between image schema and basic domain 75

7.2.4 Two more characteristics of domain 78

7.2.5 Profile and base organization 79

7.2.6 Active zones 80

7.3 Connection and distinction of Fillmore's theory of frame semantics and Langacker's theory of domain 81

Chapter 8 Encyclopedic knowledge network and linguistic unit concept frame 84

8.1 Encyclopedic knowledge network 84

8.1.1 Basis of encyclopedic semantics 84

8.1.2 Definition of encyclopedic knowledge network 84

8.1.3 Types of encyclopedic knowledge 85

8.1.4 Four continua 87

8.1.5 Conventionality versus non-conventionality 87

8.1.6 Centrality of the types of encyclopedic knowledge to the meaning 88

8.1.7 Distinction between encyclopedic meaning and contextual meaning 88

8.2 Linguistic unit concept frame 90

8.2.1 Conceptual segmentation 90

8.2.2 Lexical concept and linguistic unit concept 90

8.2.3 Definition of linguistic unit concept frame 91

8.2.4 Its application and application fields 91

8.2.5 Profiling and hiding:the important way to conceptualisation 100

8.3 Similarities and differences 101

8.3.1 Similarities 101

8.3.2 Differences 102

Chapter 9 Mental space 104

9.1 Definitions 104

9.2 Complex relationship between language and cognition 106

9.3 Meaning construction 109

9.3.1 General introduction 109

9.3.2 The architecture of the process of meaning construction 110

9.3.3 Dynamic nature of meaning construction 114

Chapter 10 Contextual frame 116

10.1 Definitions of contextual frame 116

10.2 Contextual monitoring 116

10.3 Frame switch:movement to flashback 118

10.4 Priming and binding 121

10.5 Conclusions 123

Part Ⅳ Theories of cognitive operation 125

Chapter 11 Conceptual metaphor 127

11.1 Resemblance metaphor 127

11.1.1 Schematic form 127

11.1.2 Basis 127

11.1.3 Definition 128

11.1.4 Two types of resemblance metaphor 128

11.2 Conceptual metaphor 129

11.2.1 Focus and significance 129

11.2.2 Definitions 132

11.2.3 Most common target and source domains and their characteristics 134

11.2.4 Metaphorical entailments 136

11.2.5 Conceptual metaphor system 136

11.2.6 Conceptual metaphor and pre-conceptual image schema 139

11.2.7 Properties and characteristics 142

11.2.8 Major problem 144

Chapter 12 Conceptual metonymy 146

12.1 Definitions 146

12.1.1 By Lakoff ＆ Johnson(1980) 146

12.1.2 By Langacker(1993) 146

12.1.3 By K？vecses ＆ Radden(1998) 146

12.1.4 By Croft(1993) 147

12.1.5 By Croft ＆ Cruse(2004:48) 147

12.1.6 By Evans ＆ Green(2006:314) 147

12.1.7 By Panther(2006) 148

12.1.8 Conclusion 148

12.2 Classification 148

12.2.1 Part-whole/whole-part relationship 149

12.2.2 Part-part relationships 151

12.2.3 Simple and complex metonymy 156

12.3 Attributes and characteristics 157

12.3.1 Attributes 157

12.3.2 Characteristics 158

12.4 Cognitive principles for selection of a vehicle/source 159

12.5 Differences between conceptual metaphor and metonymy 160

12.5.1 Metonymy represented by the formula"B for A" 160

12.5.2 Metonymy functioning as a reference differently from metaphor 161

12.5.3 Metonymy motivated by physical or causal associations 161

12.5.4 Metonymy:not a cross-domain mapping 161

Chapter 13 Conceptual blending 163

13.1 Objective of conceptual blending theory 163

13.2 Network of conceptual blending 165

13.2.1 Illustration of the basic network of conceptual blending 165

13.2.2 Difference between mental space and conceptual domain 167

13.2.3 Composition of integration network 168

13.2.4 Kinds of integration network 169

13.2.5 Application to the meaning construct ion of grammatical category 173

13.3 Constitutive processes and consequences 175

13.4 Goals of conceptual blending achieved by compressing 176

13.4.1 Vital relations 177

13.4.2 Types of vital relations and their compressions 178

13.4.3 Disintegration and decompression 183

13.5 Multiple blending 184

13.6 Constraints on the theory 185

13.6.1 Governing principles 186

13.6.2 Brief discussion of two principles 188

13.7 Identification of conceptual blending and conceptual metaphor and complementation of the two theories 188

13.7.1 Identification 189

13.7.2 Complementation 189

Part Ⅴ Cognitive approaches to form and meaning 191

Chapter 14 Talmy's approach to grammar 195

14.1 Grammatical meaning is schematic 196

14.2 Primary basic domains and conceptual alternativity 198

14.2.1 SPACE and TIME domains 198

14.2.2 Conceptual alternativity 199

14.3 Conceptual structuring system 200

14.3.1 Configurational structure system 201

14.3.2 Attentional system 207

14.3.3 Perspectival system 209

14.3.4 Force-dynamics system 211

Chapter 15 Langacker's approach to grammar 213

15.1 Conceptual basis of word classes 213

15.1.1 Nominal predication 214

15.1.2 Relational predication 215

15.2 Attention 216

15.2.1 Selection:profiling 218

15.2.2 Perspective:trajector landmark organisation and deixis 221

15.2.3 Abstraction:profiling 225

15.3 Force-dynamics 225

15.4 Categorization and polysemy in grammar:the network conception 226

Chapter 16 Construction grammar 229

16.1 Construction 229

16.1.1 Definitions 229

16.1.2 Properties 230

16.1.3 Similarities and differences between the definitions of Langacker and Goldberg 230

16.2 Constructional approaches to grammar developed within cognitive linguistics 231

16.2.1 Construction grammar by Goldberg 231

16.2.2 Croft's approach 249

16.2.3 Embodied construction grammar by Bergen ＆ Chang 250

16.3 Comparison among const ructional approaches to grammar 251

Chapter 17 Grammaticalization 254

17.1 General introduction 254

17.1.1 Definition 254

17.1.2 Nature 254

17.1.3 Renewal process 255

17.1.4 Patterns 258

17.2 Three cognitive theories of grammaticalization 258

17.2.1 Metaphorical extension approach 258

17.2.2 Invited inferencing theory 263

17.2.3 Langacker's subjectification approach 267

17.3 Comparison among the approaches:taking be going to as an example 269

Appendix 1 Reference answers to the pre-reading questions 271

Appendix 2 Reference answers to the in-reading questions 284

Appendix 3 References for post-reading questions/research practices 308

References 321