分子生物学精要 英文版PDF电子书下载

CHAPTER 1 Welcome to Molecular Biology!GEORGE M.MALACIVSKI 3

Goals of Molecular Biology 3

The Early Years 4

Model Biological Systems 5

Methodology of Molecular Biology 9

Rapid Progress in Molecular Biology 12

Putting the Details of Molecular Biology in Perspective 14

Concepts of Molecular Biology 16

Progression Diagram 17

Rewards from Studying Molecular Biology 17

CHAPTER 2 MacromoleculesGEoRGE M MALACINSKI 23

Chemical Structures of the Major Classes of Macromolecules 24

Noncovalent Interactions that Determine the Three-dimensionalStructures of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 28

Macromolecule Isolation and Characterization 31

CHAPTER 3 Nucleic Acids ROBERT CEDERGREN 39

Physical and Chemical Structure of DNA 40

Alternate DNA Structures 43

Circular and Superhelical DNA 45

Renaturation 50

Hybridization 53

The Structure of RNA 55

Hydrolysis of Nucleic Acids 56

Sequencing Nucleic Acids 58

Synthesis of DNA 60

A Future Practical Application? 62

CHAPTER 4 The Physical Structure ofProtein Molecules ALEXANDRA CYNTNv NETON 67

Basic Features of Protein Molecules 68

The Folding of a Polypeptide Chain 68

The a Helix and B3 Structures 70

Protein Structure 73

Proteins with Subunits 76

Enzymes 79

A Future Application 82

CHAPTER 5 Macromolecular Interactions and theStructure of Complex Aggregates GEORGE M.MALACINSKI 87

A Complex DNA Structure: The E. Coli Chromosome 88

Chromosomes and Chromatin 91

Interaction of DNA and Proteins that Recognize a Specic BaseSequence 96

Biological Membranes 99

Cytoskeletal Elements 102

A Future Practical Application? 103

CHAPTER 6 The Genetic MaterialROBERT L. SINSfEimER 109

Early Observations on the Mechanism of Heredity 110

Identication of DNA as the Genetic Material 112

Identication of RNA as the Genetic Material of Ceain Viruses 120

Properties of the Genetic Material 121

RNA as the Genetic Material 127

CHAPTER 7 DNA Replication KENNEn MAuANs 131

Semiconservative Replication of Double-Stranded DNA 132

Untwisting of Highly Coiled DNA Is Required for DNAReplication 133

Initiation of DNA Replication 136

Unwinding of DNA for Replication 139

Elongation of Newly Synthesized Strands 140

DNA Polymerase III Consists of Multiple Subunits 143

Antiparallel DNA Strands and Discontinuous Replication 145

The Complete DNA Replication System 152

Replication of Eukaotic Chromosomes 156

A Future Practical Application? 158

CHAPTER8 Transcription JOMN RKhkrosoN 163

Enzymatic Synthesis of RNA 164

Transcription Signals 166

Classes of RNA Molecules 171

Transcription in Eukaotes 174

Means of Studying Intracellular RNA 180

A Future Practical Application? 182

CHAPTER 9 Translation JOSEk IAN 187

Outline of Translation 188

The Genetic Code 189

The Wobble Hypothesis 194

Polycistronic mRNA 196

Overlapping Genes 196

Polypeptide Synthesis 198

Stages of Polypeptide Synthesis in Prokaotes 200

Complex Translation Units 204

Antibiotics 208

A Future Practical Application? 208

CHAPTER 10 Mutations Mutagenesisand DNA RepairPNjf C Hstgvwr 213

Types of Mutations 214

Biochemical Basis of Mutants 216

Mutagenesis 218

Spontaneous Mutations and Their Repair 220

Induced Mutations 223

Reversion 229

Reversion as a Means of Detecting Mutagens and Carcinogens 234

DNA Repair Mechanisms 236

Repair by Direct Reversal 236

Excision-Repair 237

Recombinational Repair 238

The SOS Response 240

Future Practical Applications? 243

CHAPTER 11 Regulation of Gene Activityin Prokaryotes SAmKAR L. ADHYA 251

Principles of Regulation 252

Transcriptional Regulation 253

Post-Transcriptional Control 272

Feedback Inhibition and Allosteric Control 274

A Future Practical Application? 276

CHAPTER 12 BacteriophageDAVID PARMA AND LARRY GOLD 281

Stages in the Lytic Life Cycle of a Typical Phage 283

Specic Phage 286

Transducing Phage 304

A Future Practical Application? 307

CHAPTER 13 Regulation of GeneActivity in EukaryotesHaNs-PETER MuLLER AND WALTER schAFFNER 311

Impoant Differences in the Genetic Organization of Prokaotesand Eukaotes 312

The Regulation of Transcription Initiation 313

The Regulation of RNA Processing 324

Regulation of Nucleocytoplasmic mRNA Transport 330

Regulation of mRNA Stability 331

Regulation of Translation 334

Regulation of Protein Activity 335

Gene Rearrangement: Joining of Coding Sequences in the ImmuneSystem 340

A Future Practical Application? 344

PART IVEXphjinmental Matioudaitian .of 1Mlacoomalales 349

CHAkER 14Plasmidsand TransposonsBARRY POLsKY 351

Plasmid-Borne Genes 353

Plasmid Transfer 354

Plasmid DNA Repcation 361

Transposable Elements 364

Transposable Elements in Eukaotes 374

A Future Practical Application? 375

CHAPTER 15 Recombinant DNA and GeneticEngineering Molecular Taailoringof Genes 1DooTnY m SkNmE.ANo Chrsn A. HouANo 381

Plasmids Act as Nature’s Interlopers 382

Restriction Enzymes Function as Nature’s Pinking Shears 382

Genetic Interlopers: Vectors Function as Vehicles for TransferngGenes 392

Detection of Recombinant DNA Molecules 399

Appcations of Genetic Engineering 403

CHAPRKR16 MOLECUlar Bloloyblologyis wxpanding its Reachpaacea L hnnatty 409

Uses of Recombinant DNA Technology in Research 410

Uses of Recombinant DNA Technology in Medicine 417

Uses of Recombinant DNA Technology in Agriculture 427

Other Commercial and Industal Appcations 430

Molecular Biology: On the Front Line of the Battle Against AIDS 431

Social and Ethical Issues 433

APPENDIX Chemical Prin ifpies lrnporta forderstan fi kcuiar Biotogy A X 443

Structure of the Atom 444

Chemical Bonds 444

The Ionization of Water-The pH Scale 450

Organic Chemist 453

Concluding Note 469

List of Essential Concepts 471

Glossary 475

Referens for Further Reading 491

Answers to Questions and Problems 497

Index 515