一、汉语语音简介Instruction on Chinese Phonetics 1
1.汉语的音节Chinese syllables 1
2.汉语的声母和韵母Initials and finals in Chinese 5
3.汉语的声调Tones in Chinese 7
4.汉语拼音方案The Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet 9
二、声母Initials 12
5.汉语的21个声母21 initials of Chinese phonetics 12
6.声母b, p的发音Pronunciation of initials “b” and “p” 15
7.声母m, f的发音Pronunciation of initials “m” and “f” 19
8.声母d, t的发音Pronunciation of initials “d” and “t” 23
9.声母n, l的发音Pronunciation of initials “n” and “l” 27
10.声母g,k,h的发音Pronunciation of initials “g”, “k” and “h” 31
11.声母j, q, x的发音Pronunciation of initials “j”, “q” and “x” 35
12.声母z, c, s的发音Pronunciation of initials “z”, “c” and “s” 39
13.声母zh, ch, sh, r的发音Pronunciation of initials “zh”, “ch”,“sh”and “r” 42
14.汉语送气音和非送气音的归纳总结Aspirated initials and unaspirated initials 46
15.声母z和zh的辫音Aiculation of z and zh 48
16.声母z和j的辫音Articulation of z and j 51
17.声母c和ch的辫音Articulation of c and ch 54
18.声母c和q的辫音Articulation of c and q 57
19.声母s和sh的辫音Articulation of s and sh 60
20.声母s和x的辫音Articulation of s and x 63
21.声母r和l的辫音Articulation of r and l 66
22.声母表Initials 69
三、韵母Finals 71
23.单韵母Simple finals 71
24.怎样发好i,u, u? How to pronounce i,u, u? 74
25.怎样发好u和e? How to pronounce u and e? 77
26.怎样发好e和er? How to pronounce e and er? 80
27.复韵母(1)前响二合元音韵母Compound finals (1) Front-louderdi-finals 83
28.复韵母(2)后响二合元音韵母Compound finals (2) Back-louderdi-finals 86
29.复韵母(3)中响三合元音韵母Compound finals (3) mid-loudertri-finals 89
30.鼻韵母(1)前鼻音韵母1 Nasal finals (1) Front nasal finals 191
31.鼻韵母(1)前鼻音韵母2 Nasal finals (1) Front nasal finals 294
32.鼻韵母(2)后鼻音韵母1 Nasal finals (2) Back nasal finals 196
33.鼻韵母(2)后鼻音韵母2 Nasal finals (2) Back nasal finals 298
34.前鼻音韵母和后鼻音韵母的辫析Front nasal finals and back nasalfinals 100
35.on, en, in以及ong, eng, ing的开口度的区别The openness when pronouncing on, en, in and ong, eng, ing 103
36i起头的韵母Finals started with i 105
37u起头的韵母Finals started with u 107
38u起头的韵母Finals started with u 109
39o, e, i实际发音的不同On pronunciations of o, e, i 111
40.韵母表Finals 113
四、拼音规则Instructions on Pinyin Writing 114
41.汉语普通话的四呼 114
42.普通话声韵拼合规律 116
43.整体认读音节Syllables recognized as one unit 118
44.音节拼写规则:y, w的用法Pinyin rules of y and w 120
45.音节拼写规则:隔音符号的用法 122
46.音节拼写规则:省写Pinyin rules of ellipsis 123
47.音节拼写规则:标调法Tone mark labeling 124
48.音节拼写规则:大写Pinyin rules of the capital leers 126
49.单韵母u和u介音复元音韵母与j, q, x相拼的拼音规则Pinyin rules of the combination of u andj,q, x 127
五、声调Tones 129
50.怎么发好第一声和第四声? How to pronounce the first tone and the fourth tone? 129
51.怎么发好第二声和第三声? How to pronounce the second tone and the third tone? 132
52.双音节词的声调搭配:1+1,1+2 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 1+1,1+2 136
53.双音节词的声调搭配:1+3,1+4 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 1+3,1+4 138
54.双音节词的声调搭配:2+1,2+2 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 2+1,2+2 140
55.双音节词的声调搭配:2+3,2+4 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 2+3,2+4 142
56.双音节词的声调搭配:3+1,3+2 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 3+1,3+2 144
57.双音节词的声调搭配:3+3,3+4 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 3+3,3+4 146
58.双音节词的声调搭配:4+1,4+2 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 4+1,4+2 148
59.双音节词的声调搭配:4+3,4+4 Tones of the two-syllable-word: 4+3,4+4 150
60.汉语的轻声(1) Neutral tone (1) 152
61.汉语的轻声(2)词汇轻声Neutral tone (2) 155
62.汉语的轻声(3)语法轻声Neutral tone (3) 158
63.汉语的轻声(4)轻声的辨义作用Neutral tone (4) 160
64.三音节词语的声调搭配Tone style of the tri-syllable words 163
65.三个三声相连的读法Pronunciations of the words with three third tone syllables 165
66.含有轻声音节的三音节词语Pronunciations of tri-syllable words with a neutral tone 167
六、音变The Sandhi in Chinese Phonetics 169
67.“一”的变调The tone sandhi of“一” 169
68.“不”的变调The tone sandhi of“不” 172
69.儿化Retroexion 174
70.儿化的作用The function of the retroexion 176
71.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(1) Retroexion rules for dierent finals (1) 178
72.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(2) Retroexion rules for dierent finals (2) 180
73.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(3) Retroexion rules for dierent nals (3) 181
74.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(4) Retroexion rules for dierent finals (4) 182
75.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(5) Retroexion rules for dierent finals (5) 183
76.儿化在不同韵尾后的音变(6) Retroexion rules for dierent finals (6) 184
77.常用的儿化词Retroex words equently used 185
78.“……啊”的音变(1) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(1) 186
79.“……啊”的音变(2) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(2) 187
80.“……啊”的音变(3) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(3) 188
81.“……啊”的音变(4) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(4) 189
82.“……啊”的音变(5) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(5) 190
83.“……啊”的音变(6) Sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊”(6) 191
84.“……啊”的音变综合练习 Exercises on sound changes of the pronunciation of“啊” 192
七、重音和语调Stress and Intonation 194
85.双音节词语的重音Stress of di-syllable words 194
86.三音节词语的重音Stress of tri-syllable words 196
87.四音节词语的重音Stress of four-syllable words 198
88.句子中的停顿Pause in a Chinese sentence 200
89.句子的重音(1)(语法重音)Stress in sentences (1) (Grammar stress) 202
90.句子的重音(2)(逻辑重音1) Stress in sentences (2) (Logical stress 1) 204
91.句子的重音(3)(逻辑重音2) Stress in sentences (3) (Logical stress 2) 206
92.基本句调(升调和降调) Basic intonation in Chinese (raising and falling tones) 208
93.陈述句的句调Intonation of the declarative sentences 210
94.疑问句的句调Intonation of the interrogative sentences 212
95.祈使句的句调Intonation of the imperative sentences 215
96.感叹句的句调Intonation of the exclamato sentences 217
97.句子末尾的“吧”和“吗”“吧”and“吗”used at the end of the sentences 219
98.常用感叹词用法举例(1) Using examples of interjections (1) 221
99.常用感叹词用法举例(2) Using examples of interjections (2) 225
100.有趣的拟声词Interesting mimetic words 228
参考答案Keys 232
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