German Social DemocracyPDF电子书下载

LECTURE Ⅰ MARX AND THE THEORETIC BASIS OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 1

1．Marx＇s training 1

(a)German Philosophy－Hegel and Feuerbach 2

(b)French Socialists，especially Proudhon 9

(c)English Socialists，Bray，Thompson，＆c．，perhaps influenced Marx through his friendship with Engels，who lived chiefly in England 10

2．The Communist Manifesto，1848，and the materialistic theory of history 10

3．Marx＇s economic theory，as set forth in his＂Capital，＂1867 15

(a)The theory of value and surplus-value．Account and criticism 15

(b)The law of the concentration of capital．Account and criticism 28

LECTURE Ⅱ LASSALLE 41

1．Marx a student，not an agitator．He views first brought home to the werking classes by Lassalle 41

2．Brief review of German conditions up to the time of Lassalle＇s agitation 42

(a)Battle of Jena and emancipation of serfs．War of Liberation，1813 43

(b)Revolutions of 1848．At first a united movement of bourgeoisie and proletariat，but the bourgeoisie became alarmed at the demands of the proletariat，and a reaction set in before much had been gained 45

(c)Economic progress of Germany during the Fifties．Spread of laissez-faire Liberalism．Schulze-De-litzsch＇s friendly societies 46

3．Lassalle＇s writings and agitation，1863 and 1864．The Universal German Working-Men＇s Association．Las-salle＇s death，1864 47

4．Lassalle＇s sources：Rodbertus and Marx 64

5．Lassalle＇s character and the results of his work．His effect chiefly emotional 66

LECTURE Ⅲ HISTORY OF GERMAN SOCIALISM FROM THE DEATH OF LASSALLE TO THE PASSING OF THE EXCEP-TIONAL LAW，1878 69

1．The various organisations and their development towards Marxianism 69

(a)Lassalle＇s Universal German Working-Men＇s Associa-tion up to 1871，under presidency of v．Schweitzer，continued to coquette with Bismarck．Afterwards became more democratic and Marxian，and joined Marx＇s followers 1875 70

(b)International Working-Men＇s Association，founded in London，1864，followed Marx，and obtained great influence in Germany，chiefly through Marx＇s friend Liebknecht 71

(c)League of German Working-Men＇s Societies，founded in Leipzig，1863，to oppose Lassalle from side of Liberalism．Bebel，the leader of the League，became a Socialist under the influence of Lieb-knecht，and carried most of his followers with him 74

(d)In 1869 the League amalgamated with the Members of the International to form the Social Democratic Working-Men＇s Party．This joined by Lassalle＇s Association in 1875，and thus Marx＇s influence became supreme 75

2．The Franco-Prussian War．Consequent check to Social Democracy 81

3．German Constitution，as determined in 1871 83

4．Growing hostility to Socialism，and passing of the Ex-ceptional Law，1878 90

LECTURE Ⅳ SOCIAL DEMOCRACY UNDER THE EXCEPTIONAL LAW，1878-1890 92

1．Principal Motives of popular enmity to Social Demo-cracy 92

(a)Atheism 93

(b)Views on Marriage and the Family 94

(c)Internationalism 97

(d)Advocacy of Revolution 98

2．Principal Provisions of the Exceptional Law 100

3．Administration of the Exceptional Law，and attitude of official leaders under it 102

4．Bismarck＇s State-Socialism，and consequent conflict be-tween leaders and bulk of party 107

5．A policeman＇s view of Socialism and the Exceptional Law 109

6．Agitation under the Exceptional Law．Increase of Socialist Vote．Expiration of the Exceptional Law，1890 113

LECTURE Ⅴ ORGANISATION，AGITATION，TACTICS，AND PROGRAMME OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY SINCE THE FALL OF THE SOCIALIST LAW 116

1．Organisation，as determined by Annual Congress of 1890．Recent dissolutions by the police，and resulting changes of organisation 116

2．Methods of agitation 127

3．Discussion of Tactics at Annual Congress of 1891．Two opposite tendencies，to State-Socialism and to Revolution 133

4．The Erfurt Programme adopted at the Annual Congress of 1891 136

LECTURE Ⅵ THE PRESENT POSITION OF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 144

1．The various political parties of Germany，their pro-grammes and strength．The over-representation of Agriculture，and resulting importance of Agrarian Vote 144

2．The Agrarian Difficulty－ 152

(a)As a result of Marx＇s views of economic theory 153

(b)As discussed at the two Party Congresses of 1894 and 1895 154

3．Conclusion 163

INDEX 177