Turfgrass Management Ninth EditionPDF电子书下载

*1 Introduction 1

History of Turf 2

Lawn Turf 2

Sports Turf 3

Golf Turf 5

The Turfgrass Industry 8

Careers in Turf 8

Turf Quality 9

Visual Quality 10

Functional Quality 12

Turfgrass Management 14

Questions 15

*2 Growth and Development 17

The Grass Plant 18

Germination and Seedling Development 20

Leaf Formation 23

Turfgrass Stems 26

Tillering 29

Turfgrass Roots 31

Inflorescence 33

Seasonal Growth Variation 37

Bioenergetics and Metabolism 38

Biochemistry 39

Photosynthesis and Respiration 42

Antioxidants 48

Phytohormones 49

Auxins 50

Gibberellins 52

Cytokinins 52

Ethylene 53

Abscisic Acid 54

Other Phytohormones 55

Questions 56

*3Turfgrass Species 57

Turfgrass Climatic Adaptation 57

Characterization of Turfgrasses 62

Pooideae Subfamily 63

Chloridoideae Subfamily 81

Panicoideae Subfamily 88

Turfgrass Leaf Anatomy and Morphology 94

Pooid Species 95

Chloridoid and Panicoid Species 102

Criteria for Selecting Turfgrass Species 102

Questions 110

*4The Turfgrass Environment 111

Atmospheric Environment 111

Light 112

Temperature 116

Moisture 120

Wind 125

Edaphic Environment 128

Soil Physics 129

Soil Chemistry 143

Soil Biomass 150

The Biotic Environment 154

Questions 157

*5Primary Cultural Practices 159

Mowing 159

Mowing Equipment 159

Mowing Variables 165

Fertilization 169

Nutrient Requirements 170

Fertilizer Materials 174

Nitrogen 175

Phosphorus 181

Potassium 182

Secondary Nutrients 182

Micronutrients 184

Fertilizer Application 185

Irrigation 189

Irrigation Programming 189

Water 197

Irrigation Systems 200

Questions 207

*6 Supplementary Cultural Practices 209

Cultivation 209

Coring 209

Water-Injection Cultivation 215

Slicing and Spiking 216

Vertical Mowing 217

Rolling 219

Topdressing 220

Layering 221

Selecting a Topdressing Soil 221

Topdressing Intensity 222

Matting 223

Wetting Agents 224

Turf Colorants 225

Plant Growth Regulators 226

Biostimulants 228

Questions 229

*7 Pest Management 231

Pesticides 231

Fate of Pesticides 232

Pesticide Formulations 234

Pesticide Hazards 235

Pesticide Application 236

Weed Control 237

Weeds 237

Herbicides 251

Disease Control 263

Diseases 265

Fungicides 277

Nematode Control 281

Nematodes 282

Nematicides 286

Insect Control 287

Insects 288

Root-Feeding Insects 289

Shoot-Feeding Insects 291

Burrowing Insects 296

Insecticides 297

Controlling Large-Animal Pests 302

Rodents 302

Moles 302

Dogs 302

Canada Geese 304

People 304

Questions 304

*8 Propagation 307

Site Preparation 307

Clearing Operations 307

Tillage 309

Grading 310

Soil Modification 311

Drainage and Irrigation Systems 313

Fertilization and Liming 314

Turfgrass Selection 314

Blends and Mixtures 315

Seed Quality and Labeling 316

Seed Labeling 318

Vegetative Planting Materials 320

Planting Procedures 321

Seeding 321

Vegetative Planting Methods 326

Mulching 328

Postplanting Culture 330

Mowing 330

Fertilization 330

Irrigation 331

Topdressing 332

Pest Management 332

Renovation 333

Site Preparation 334

Turfgrass Selection 334

Planting Procedures 335

Postplanting Culture 335

Temporary Winter Turfs 335

Site Preparation 335

Turfgrass Selection 336

Planting Procedures 337

Postplanting Culture 337

Spring Transition 338

Questions 340

*9 Cultural Systems 341

Cultural Intensity 341

Growth Factors 342

Levels of Supply 343

Limiting Factors 343

Cultural Intensity Selection 344

Greens 345

Tees 351

Fairways 354

Sports Fields 356

Lawns 360

Utility Turfs 361

Questions 362

APPENDIX 1 Conversion Tables 363

APPENDIX 2 Calibration 365

Sprayer Calibration 365

Spreader Calibration 367

APPENDIX 3 Common and Chemical Names of Pesticides Used in Turf 369

Glossary 373

References 381

Index 387