A THEORY OF JUSTICEPDF电子书下载

Part One. Theory 3

CHAPTER 1. JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS 3

1. The Role of Justice 3

2. The Subject of Justice 7

3. The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice 11

4. The Original Position and Justification 17

5. Classicai Utilitarianism 22

6. Some Related Contrasts 27

7. Intuitionism 34

8. The Priority Problem 40

9. Some Remarks about Moral Theory 46

CHAPTER Ⅱ. THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE 54

10. Institutions and Formal Justice 54

11. Two Principles of Justice 60

12. Interpretations of the Second Principle 65

13. Democratic Equality and the Difference Principle 75

14. Fair Equality of Opportunity and Pure Procedural Justice 83

15. Primary Social Goods as the Basis of Expectations 90

16. Relevant Social Positions 95

17. The Tendency to Equality 100

18. Principles for Individuals: The Principle of Fairness 108

19. Principles for Individuals: The Natural Duties 114

CHAPTER Ⅲ. THE ORIGINAL POSITION 118

20. The Nature of the Argument for Conceptions of Justice 118

21. The Presentation of Alternatives 122

22. The Circumstances of Justice 126

23. The Formal Constraints of the Concept of Right 130

24. The Veil of Ignorance 136

25. The Rationality of the Parties 142

26. The Reasoning Leading to the Two Principles of Justice 150

27. The Reasoning Leading to the Principle of Average Utility 161

28. Some Difficulties with the Average Principle 167

29. The Main Grounds for the Two Principles of Justice 175

30. Classical Utilitarianism, Impartiality, and Benevolence 183

Part Two. Institutions 195

CHAPTER Ⅳ. EQUAL LIBERTY 195

31. The Four-Stage Sequence 195

32. The Concept of Liberty 201

33. Equal Liberty of Conscience 205

34. Toleration and the Common Interest 211

35. Toleration of the Intolerant 216

36. Political Justice and the Constitution 221

37. Limitations on the Principle of Participation 228

38. The Rule of Law 235

39. The Priority of Liberty Defined 243

40. The Kantian Interpretation of Justice as Fairness 251

CHAPTER Ⅴ. DISTRIBUTIVE SHARES 258

41. The Concept of Justice in Political Economy 258

42. Some Remarks about Economic Systems 265

43. Background Institutions for Distributive Justice 274

44. The Problem of Justice between Generations 284

45. Time Preference 293

46. Further Cases of Priority 298

47. The Precepts of Justice 303

48. Legitimate Expectations and Moral Desert 310

49. Comparison with Mixed Conceptions 315

50. The Principle of Perfection 325

CHAPTER Ⅵ. DUTY AND OBLIGATION 333

51. The Arguments for the Principles of Natural Duty 333

52. The Arguments for the Principle of Fairness 342

53. The Duty To Comply with an Unjust Law 350

54. The Status of Majority Rule 356

55. The Definition of Civil Disobedience 363

56. The Definition of Conscientious Refusal 368

57. The Justification of Civil Disobedience 371

58. The Justification of Conscientious Refusal 377

59. The Role of Civil Disobedience 382

Part Three. Ends 395

CHAPTER Ⅶ. GOODNESS AS RATIONALITY 395

60. The Need for a Theory of the Good 395

61. The Definition of Good for Simpler Cases 399

62. A Note on Meaning 404

63. The Definition of Good for Plans of Life 407

64. Deliberative Rationality 416

65. The Aristotelian Principle 424

66. The Definition of Good Applied to Persons 433

67. Self-Respect, Excellences, and Shame 440

68. Several Contrasts between the Right and the Good 446

CHAPTER Ⅷ. THE SENSE OF JUSTICE 453

69. The Concept of a Well-Ordered Society 453

70. The Morality of Authority 462

71. The Morality of Association 467

72. The Morality of Principles 472

73. Features of the Moral Sentiments 479

74. The Connection between Moral and Natural Attitudes 485

75. The Principles of Moral Psychology 490

76. The Problem of Relative Stability 496

77. The Basis of Equality 504

CHAPTER Ⅸ. THE GOOD OF JUSTICE 513

78. Autonomy and Objectivity 513

79. The Idea of Social Union 520

80. The Problem of Envy 530

81. Envy and Equality 534

82. The Grounds for the Priority of Liberty 541

83. Happiness and Dominant Ends 548

84. Hedonism as a Method of Choice 554

85. The Unity of the Self 560

86. The Good of the Sense of Justice 567

87. Concluding Remarks on Justification 577

Index 589