JurisprudencePDF电子书下载

PART Ⅰ HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW 3

Chapter Ⅰ. Greek and Roman Legal Theory 3

1. Early Greek Theory 3

2. Plato's View of the Law 6

3. The Aristotelian Theory of Law 10

4. The Stoic Law of Nature 13

Chapter Ⅱ. Legal Philosophy in the Middle Ages 21

5. Early Christian Doctrine 21

6. The Thomist Philosophy of Law 23

7. The Medieval Nominalists 26

Chapter Ⅲ. The Classical Era of Natural Law 31

8. Introduction 31

9. Grotius and Pufendorf 35

10. Hobbes and Spinoza 39

11. Locke and Montesquieu 45

12. The Philosophy of Natural Rights in the United States 49

13. Rousseau and His Influence 53

14. Practical Achievements of the Classical Law-of-Nature School, 57

Chapter Ⅳ. German Transcendental Idealism 60

15. The Legal Philosophy of Kant 60

16. The Legal Philosophy of Fichte 64

17. Hegel's Philosophy of Law and the State 65

Chapter Ⅴ. Historical and Evolutionary Theories of Law 70

18. Savigny and the Historical School in Germany 70

19. The Historical School in England and the United States 74

20. Spencer's Evolutionary Theory of Law 77

21. The Marxian Doctrine of Law 79

Chapter Ⅵ. Utilitarianism 84

22. Bentham and Mill 84

23. Jhering 88

Chapter Ⅶ. Analytical Positivism 91

24. What Is Positivism? 91

25. John Austin and the Analytical School of Law 95

26. The Pure Theory of Law 100

27. Neo-analytic and Linguistic Jurisprudence 104

Chapter Ⅷ. Sociological Jurisprudence and Legal Realism 111

28. Sociological and Psychological Theories of Law in Europe 111

29. The Jurisprudence of Interests and the Free-Law Movement 115

30. Pound's Sociological Jurisprudence 118

31. Cardozo and Holmes 120

32. American Legal Realism 124

33. Scandinavian Legal Realism 128

Chapter Ⅸ. The Revival of Natural Law and Value-Oriented Jurisprudence 134. 134

34. Neo-Kantian Natural Law 134

35. Neo-Scholastic Natural Law 142

36. Duguit's Legal Philosophy 147

37. The Policy-Science of Lasswell and McDougal 148

38. Other Recent Value-Oriented Philosophies of Law 151

39. Concluding Observations 162

PART Ⅱ THE NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE LAW 171

Chapter Ⅹ. The Need for Order 171

40. Introduction 171

41. The Prevalence of Orderly Patterns in Nature 172

42. Order in Individual and Social Life 175

43. The Psychological Roots of the Need for Order 178

44. Anarchy and Despotism 181

45. The Element of Generality in Law 184

46. The Striving of the Law for Independence and Autonomy 192

Chapter Ⅺ. The Quest for Justice 195

47. The Protean Face of Justice 195

48. Justice and Rationality 201

49. The Conceptual Scope of Justice 207

50. Justice and Natural Law 214

51. Justice and Freedom 222

52. Justice and Equality 229

53. Justice and Security 236

54. Justice and the Common Good 240

Chapter Ⅻ. Law as a Synthesis of Order and Justice 246

55. The Relation between Order and Justice 246

56. Stability and Change in Law 253

57. The Imperative and the Societal Elements in Law 256

58. The Validity of Legal Norms 259

59. The Sig-nificance of Sanctions 269

Chapter ⅩⅢ. Law as Distinguished from Other Agencies of Social Control 277

60. Law and Power 277

61. Law and Administration 284

62. Law and Morality 290

63. Law and Custom, 300. 305

Chapter ⅩⅣ. The Benefits and Drawbacks of the Rule of Law 305

64. The Channeling of Creative Human Energies 305

65. The Promotion of Peace 308

66. The Adjustment of Conflicting Interests 311

67. The Drawbacks of the Law 315

PART Ⅲ THE SOURCES AND TECHNIQUES OF THE LAW 323

Chapter ⅩⅤ. The Formal Sources of the Law 323

68. Introduction 323

69. Legislation 326

70. Delegated and Autonomic Legislation 330

71. Treaties and Other Consensual Agreements 334

72. Precedent 341

Chapter ⅩⅥ. The Nonformal Sources of the Law 346

73. Introduction 346

74. Standards of Justice 350

75. Reason and the Nature of Things 357

76. Individual Equity 363

77. Public Policies, Moral Convictions, and Social Trends 367

78. Customary Law 372

Chapter ⅩⅦ. Law and Scientific Method 379

79. The Formation of Concepts 379

80. Analytical Reasoning 385

81. Dialectical Reasoning 392

82. The Role of Value Judgments in the Law 397

83. The Aims of Legal Education 401

Chapter ⅩⅧ. The Techniques of the Judicial Process 404

84. The Interpretation of Constitutions 404

85. The Interpretation of Statutes 413

86. The Doctrine of Stare Decisis 425

87. The Ratio Decidendi of a Case 432

88. Discovery and Creation in the Judicial Process 439

Table of Cases 445

Index of Names 448

Index of Subjects 456