BREAKING RULESPDF电子书下载

Part 1 Analysing Crime as Situational Action: Theory, Methods, Key Constructs, and Basic Findings 3

1. Situational Action Theory 3

1.1 Criminology: A fragmented and poorly integrated discipline 3

1.2 Key common shortcomings in criminological theory 7

1.3 Situational Action Theory: Basic constructs and propositions 11

1.4 Situational Action Theory: The causes of the causes 29

1.5 Explaining urban crime patterns 41

2. The Peterborough Adolescent and Young Adult Development Study 44

2.1 The research design 44

2.2 The cohort study 53

2.3 Parents' interviews 61

2.4 Young people's interviews 62

2.5 Space-time budget 67

2.6 Criminal justice records data 78

2.7 Data quality 82

2.8 Small area community survey (PCS) 87

2.9 Summary and conclusion 104

3. Young People's Crime, Crime Propensity, and Criminogenic Exposure: Key Constructs and Basic Findings 107

3.1 Crime 107

3.2 Crime propensity 132

3.3 Criminogenic exposure 141

3.4 Predicting crime involvement: The interaction between crime propensity and criminogenic exposure 155

3.5 Summary and conclusion 155

Part 2 The Social Dynamics of Young People's Urban Crime 161

4. Peterborough, Its Urban Structure, and Crime 161

4.1 Peterborough: The research site 162

4.2 Land use 167

4.3 Residential segregation 171

4.4 Area patterns of crime and disorder 186

4.5 Modelling population structure, collective efficacy, land use, and crime events 200

4.6 Summary and conclusion 206

5. Young Offenders and Their Crimes in the Urban Environment 209

5.1 Area patterns of young people's crime 211

5.2 Modelling the distribution of young people's crime 219

5.3 Offender home locations 222

5.4 Modelling the distribution of young offenders 236

5.5 Crime and distance 239

5.6 Summary and conclusion 250

6. Young People, Their Activities, and Criminogenic Exposure 252

6.1 Young people's activity patterns 252

6.2 Settings and circumstances of criminogenic exposure 277

6.3 Social sources of young people's criminogenic exposure 299

6.4 Differential effects of criminogenic exposure by young people's crime propensity 311

6.5 Explaining the variation in area concentrations of young people's crime 312

6.6 Summary and conclusion 319

Part 3 The Situational Dynamics of Young People's Crime 323

7. The Crime Convergence: Kinds of People in Kinds of Settings 323

7.1 Studying the intersection of people and settings 323

7.2 Distribution of space-time budget crimes 323

7.3 Exposure to criminogenic settings and crime involvement by crime propensity 347

7.4 Summary and conclusions 363

8. Choosing Crime as an Alternative: Crime Propensity, The Perception-Choice Process, and Crime 364

8.1 Capturing the perception-choice process: A factorial survey approach 367

8.2 PADS+ randomized scenarios 369

8.3 Scenario findings 380

8.4 Hypothetical scenarios and the real world 393

8.5 Summary and conclusion 402

Part 4 The Dynamics of Rule-Breaking: Key Findings 405

9. It's All About Interactions 405

9.1 Breaking rules 405

9.2 It's all about interactions 406

Appendices 411

A1 Technical Appendix 413

A1.1 Calculating distance 413

A1.2 Presentation of spatial data 413

A1.3 Controlling for resident young people 419

A1.4 Quantifying time use 421

A2 Space-Time Budget Coding Appendix 423

A2.1 Activity 424

A2.2 Place 427

A2.3 With whom 430

A2.4 Extra incidents 433

References 437

Index 467