新思维高效英语写作 上PDF电子书下载

Chapter 1 Introducing the Paragraph:Reasons for Writing 1

导读 2

GETTING STARTED 8

Responding to Images 8

Discussion 9

READING AND VOCABULARY 9

Reading:From "Reaching Across the Gap:How I Write"by Michael C.Flanigan 9

Building Vocabulary:Recognizing Word Forms and Families 11

WRITING:THE PARAGRAPH 12

The Topic Sentence 13

Support 16

The Conclusion 18

Title 19

Form 19

Unity 20

Coherence 21

COMPOSITION SKILLS 23

Connecting Words 23

Key Words 24

Coordinators 24

Transition Words 24

Subordinators 25

THE PROCESS OF WRITING 26

Prewriting 26

Considering Audience 26

Getting Ideas 26

Narrowing the Topic 26

Deciding on a Controlling Idea 27

Choosing Support 28

Organizing Ideas 28

Drafting 29

Revising and Editing 30

Revising 30

Editing 31

Editing:Verb Tense.Verb Form,Sentence Fragments,Spelling 31

Connect to the Internet 32

Keeping a Journal 32

Chapter 2 Narrative:Memorable Events 33

导读 34

GETTING STARTED 40

Responding to Images 40

Journal Writing:A Lesson I Learned 40

READING AND VOCABULARY 41

Reading:"My Fault"by Hoang Vo 41

Building Vocabulary:Recognizing Noun Suffixes 42

WRITING:NARRATION 44

Focusing on a Controlling Idea 44

Supporting the Main Point with an Incident 47

Giving Background Information 47

Organizing by Chronological Order 48

Writing Assignment 1 49

COMPOSITION SKILLS 51

Connecting Words for Narration 51

Developing Grammar Skills:Simple Past,Past Continuous,Used to/Would 53

Editing:Simple Past,Past Continuous,Used to/Would 53

WRITING 54

Choosing a Point of View 54

Writing Assignment 2 55

MORE READING AND WRITING 57

Reading:From"Wings of the Morning"by Orestes Lorenzo 57

Topics for Discussion or Writing 58

Connect to the Internet 59

Chapter 3 Description:Memorable Places 60

导读 61

GETTING STARTED 67

Responding to Images 67

Journal Writing:A Special Place 68

READING AND VOCABULARY 68

Reading:"Our Cottage"by Renata Strakova 68

Building Vocabulary:Using Synonyms and Antonyms 70

WRITING:PAST DESCRIPTION 71

Focusing on a Dominant Impression 71

Supporting with Specific Details 72

Organizing by Spatial Arrangement 75

WRITING ASSIGNMENT 1 77

COMPOSITION SKILLS 79

Prepositions of Place and Direction 79

Developing Grammar Skills:Simple Present,Simple Past,There+be,Subject-Verb Agreement,Order of Adjectives 80

Editing:Verb Tense,There+be,Subject-Verb Agreement,Order of Adjectives 80

WRITING:PRESENT DESCRIPTION 81

Writing Assignment 2 82

MORE READING AND WRITING 84

Reading:From"Wild Swans:Three Daughters of China"by Jung Chang 84

Topics for Discussion or Writing 85

Connect to the Internet 86

Chapter 4 Analyzing Reasons:Human Behavior 87

导读 87

GETTING STARTED 94

Responding to Images 94

Journal Writing:A Person I Admire 95

READING AND VOCABULARY 95

Reading:From"A Celebration of Teachers"by Kristin Hunter 95

Building Vocabulary:Keeping a Vocabulary Notebook 96

WRITING:ANALYZING REASONS 98

Supporting the Main Idea with Details 98

Supporting Generalizations with Examples 100

Organizing into Major Points 101

Writing Assignment 1 102

COMPOSITION SKILLS 103

Connecting Words to Indicate Examples 103

Connecting Words to Indicate Reasons or Causes 104

Pronoun Consistency 105

Developing Grammar Skills:Present Perfect,Tense Consistency,Adjective Clauses 107

Editing:Present Perfect,Tense Consistency,Adjective Clauses,Subject-Verb Agreement 107

WRITING 108

Outlining 108

Writing Assignment 2 110

MORE READING AND WRITING 111

Reading:"Teenagers and Stress"by David Inman 111

Topics for Discussion or Writing 113

Connect to the Internet 113

Chapter 5 Analyzing a Process:Living on the World Wide Web 114

导读 115

GETTING STARTED 119

Responding to Images 119

Journal Writing:Processes Then and Now 119

READING AND VOCABULARY 120

Reading:"You a Blogger?Why Not?" 120

Building Vocabulary:Understanding Prefixes 122

WRITING:PROCESS 123

Analyzing a Process 123

Support for a Process 123

Be aware of your audience. 124

Give all the necessary steps in the process. 124

Explain or describe the materials or equipment required. 124

Warn the reader of difficulties. 124

Give details and examples to make the process clear and interesting. 124

Focusing on a Main Idea 125

Introducing the Process 126

Organizing by Chronological Order 127

COMPOSITION SKILLS 129

Connecting Words for Process 129

Developing Grammar Skills:Passive Voice,Gerunds and Infinitives 131

Editing:Passive Voice,Gerunds and Infinitives 132

Writing Assignment 1 132

MORE READING AND WRITING 134

Reading:"Map Your Tongue"by Eric Haseltine 134

Topics for Discussion and Writing 136

Connect to the Internet 136

Chapter 6 Comparing and Contrasting:Education 137

导读 138

GETTING STARTED 144

Responding to Images 144

Journal Writing:Choosing a School 144

READING AND VOCABULARY 145

Reading:Letters to the Editor 145

Building Vocabulary:Recognizing Suffixes 147

WRITING:COMPARISON AND CONTRAST 149

Establishing a Controlling Idea 149

Choosing Bases of Comparison 150

Organizing by Points of Comparison 151

Writing Assignment 1 152

COMPOSITION SKILLS 154

Connecting Words for Comparison and Contrast 154

Developing Grammar Skills:Comparative Forms,Correlative Conjunctions,Run-on Sentences,Comma Splice 158

Editing:Comparative Forms,Correlative Conjunctions,Run-on Sentences,Comma Splice 159

WRITING 160

Contrasting Then and Now 160

Organizing by Subjects 161

WRITING ASSIGNMENT 2 162

MORE READING AND WRITING 163

Reading:"Literacy Around the World" 163

Topics for Discussion or Writing 165

Connect to the Internet 166

Chapter 7 Classifying:The Media 167

导读 168

GETTING STARTED 172

Responding to Images 172

Journal Writing:Television Shows 173

READING AND VOCABULARY 173

Reading:"A Reading Wasteland" 173

Building Vocabulary:Distinguishing Between Formal and Informal Vocabulary 175

WRITING:CLASSIFYING 176

Finding a Principle of Classification 176

Introducing a Category with a Topic Sentence 181

Developing Grammar Skills:Parallel Structure 182

Editing:Parallel Structure,Tense Continuity,Subject-Verb Agreement 182

Supporting the Categories 183

COMPOSITION SKILLS 184

Connecting Words for Classification 184

Repeating Key Ideas 186

Writing Assignment 1 189

MORE READING AND WRITING 190

Reading:"What's in a Name?" 190

Topics for Discussion and Writing 192

Connect to the Internet 193

Chapter 8 Introduction to the Essay:Technology 194

导读 195

GETTING STARTED 201

Responding to Images 201

Journal Writing:The Effects of Technological Change 201

READING AND VOCABULARY 202

Reading:"Tell-All Generation Learns to Keep Things Offline"by Laura M.Holson 202

Building Vocabulary:Guessing Meaning from Context 204

WRITING:INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSAY 206

Evaluating Effects 206

From Paragraph to Essay 207

The Thesis Statement 210

The Introduction 212

The Support 214

The Conclusion 214

Writing Assignment 1 216

COMPOSITION SKILLS 217

Connecting Words Between Paragraphs 217

Developing Grammar Skills:Adverb Clauses of Result,Reduced Adverb Clauses of Time and Causes 218

Editing:Adverb Clauses of Result,Reduced Adverb Clauses,Verb Tense,Passive Voice 218

WRITING:OUTLINING AN ESSAY 219

Writing Assignment 2 221

MORE READING AND WRITING 223

Reading:"Roombas Fill an Emotional Vacuum for Owners" 223

Topics for Discussion and Writing 224

Connect to the Internet 225

Appendices 226

APPENDIX 1:PREWRITING STRATEGIES 228

Brainstorming 228

Drawing a Sketch 228

Freewriting 229

Making a Venn Diagram 230

Clustering 231

APPENDIX 2:DEVELOPING GRAMMAR SKILLS 232

Adjectives 232

Order of Adjectives 232

Adverbials 233

Adverbs of Time and Sequence 233

Prepositions in Time Expressions 234

Articles 235

The Indefinite Article:a,an,some 235

The Definite Article:the 236

Clauses 238

Independent Clauses 238

Dependent Clauses 239

Adverb Clauses of Time 241

Adverb Clauses of Result 242

Reduced Adverb Clauses 244

Adjective Clauses 245

Comparative Forms 247

Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs 247

(not)as...as 249

Connecting Words 250

Coordinating Conjunctions 250

Correlative Conjunctions 251

Transition Words and Phrases 252

Gerunds and Infinitives 254

Gerunds as Subjects 254

Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions 259

Passive Voice 259

Changing from Active to Passive 260

Uses of the Passive Voice 260

Sentence Structure 261

There+be 261

Sentence Fragments 263

Run-On Sentences 265

Comma Splices 265

Subject-Verb Agreement 267

Parallel Structure 270

Verbs Forms and Tenses 271

Simple Present 271

Simple Past 272

Past Perfect 272

Past Progressive 274

Used to and Would 276

Present Perfect 277

Time Words with the Present Perfect and Simple Past 278

Placement of Adverbs 279

Consistency of Verb Tenses 280

APPENDIX 3:MECHANICS 283

The Period 283

The Comma 283

The Semicolon 284

Capitalization 284

APPENDIX 4:IRREGULAR VERB FORMS 286

APPENDIX 5:ANSWERS TO EDITING EXERCISES 289