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1 Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials 1

1-1 Objective of this Book—to Ensure Safety 3

1-2 Objectives of this Chapter 5

1-3 Problem-Solving Procedure 6

1-4 Basic Unit Systems 7

1-5 Relationship Among Mass,Force,and Weight 8

1-6 The Concept of Stress 10

1-7 Direct Normal Stress 11

1-8 Stress Elements for Direct Normal Stresses 13

1-9 Direct Shear Stress 15

1-10 Stress Elements for Shear Stresses 19

1-11 Bearing Stress 20

1-12 The Concept of Strain 24

1-13 Poisson's Ratio 24

1-14 Shearing Strain 26

1-15 Modulus of Elasticity 26

1-16 Modulus of Elasticity in Shear 27

1-17 Preferred Sizes and Standard Shapes 27

1-18 Experimental and Computational Stress Analysis 33

Problems 38

2 Design Properties of Materials 44

2-1 Objectives of this Chapter 45

2-2 Metals in Mechanical and Structural Design 45

2-3 Steel 53

2-4 Cast Iron 56

2-5 Aluminum 56

2-6 Copper,Brass,and Bronze 57

2-7 Zinc,Magnesium,and Titanium 58

2-8 Nonmetals in Engineering Design 58

2-9 Wood 59

2-10 Concrete 59

2-11 Plastics 60

2-12 Composites 60

Problems 61

3 Design of Members under Direct Stresses 62

3-1 Objectives of this Chapter 63

3-2 Design of Members under Direct Tension or Compression 63

3-3 Design Normal Stresses 64

3-4 Design Factor 65

3-5 Design Approaches and Guidelines for Design Factors 67

3-6 Methods of Computing Design Stress 70

3-7 Design Shear Stress 72

3-8 Design Bearing Stress 76

3-9 Stress Concentration Factors 78

Problems 80

4 Axial Deformation and Thermal Stress 85

4-1 Objectives of this Chapter 86

4-2 Elastic Deformation in Tension and Compression Members 86

4-3 Deformation Due to Temperature Changes 92

4-4 Thermal Stress 95

4-5 Members Made of More Than One Material 96

Problems 98

5 Torsional Shear Stress and Torsional Deformation 101

5-1 Objectives of this Chapter 103

5-2 Torque,Power,and Rotational Speed 104

5-3 Torsional Shear Stress in Members with Circular Cross Sections 106

5-4 Development of the Torsional Shear Stress Formula 108

5-5 Polar Moment of Inertia for Solid Circular Bars 109

5-6 Torsional Shear Stress and Polar Moment of Inertia for Hollow Circular Bars 110

5-7 Design of Circular Members under Torsion 112

5-8 Comparison of Solid and Hollow Circular Members 115

5-9 Twisting—Elastic Torsional Deformation 118

Problems 126

Computer Assignments 128

6 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments in Beams 129

6-1 Objectives of this Chapter 130

6-2 Beam Loading,Supports,and Types of Beams 131

6-3 Reactions at Supports 139

6-4 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Concentrated Loads 141

6-5 Guidelines for Drawing Beam Diagrams for Concentrated Loads 147

6-6 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Distributed Loads 150

6-7 General Shapes Found in Bending Moment Diagrams 156

6-8 Shearing Forces and Bending Moments for Cantilever Beams 157

Problems 159

7 Centroids and Moments of Inertia of Areas 161

7-1 Objectives of this Chapter 161

7-2 The Concept of Centroid—Simple Shapes 162

7-3 Centroid of Complex Shapes 163

7-4 The Concept of Moment of Inertia 165

7-5 Moment of Inertia of Composite Shapes whose Parts have the Same Centroidal Axis 168

7-6 Moment of Inertia for Composite Shapes—General Case—Use of the Parallel Axis Theorem 169

7-7 Mathematical Definition of Moment of Inertia 172

7-8 Moment of Inertia for Shapes with all Rectangular Parts 173

7-9 Radius of Gvration 174

Problems 178

Computer Assignments 179

8 Stress Due to Bending 180

8-1 Objectives of this Chapter 182

8-2 The Flexure Formula 183

8-3 Conditions on the Use of the Flexure Formula 186

8-4 Stress Distribution on a Cross Section of a Beam 188

8-5 Derivation of the F1exure Formula 190

8-6 Applications—Beam Analysis 191

8-7 Applications—Beam Design and Design Stresses 194

8-8 Section Modulus and Design Procedures 196

Problems 200

Computer Assignments 205

9 Shearing Stresses in Beams 206

9-1 Objectives of this Chapter 207

9-2 Importance of Shearing Stresses in Beams 209

9-3 The General Shear Formula 210

9-4 Distribution of Shearing Stress in Beams 216

9 5 Development of the General Shear Formula 221

9-6 Special Shear Formulas 224

9-7 Design Shear Stress 228

Problems 229

10 Special Cases of Combined Stresses 232

10-1 Objectives of this Chapter 235

10-2 The Stress Element 235

10-3 Stress Distribution Created by Basic Stresses 237

10-4 Combined Normal Stresses 242

10-5 Combined Normal and Shear Stresses 248

Problems 253

11 The General Case of Combined Stress and Mohr's Circle 257

11-1 Objectives of this Chapter 258

11-2 Creating the Initial Stress Element 258

11-3 Equations for Stresses in Any Direction 261

11-4 Principal Stresses 265

11-5 Maximum Shear Stress 267

11-6 Mohr's Circle for Stress 268

11-7 Special Case in which Both Principal Stresses have the Same Sign 275

11-8 The Maximum Shear Stress Theory of Failure 280

Problems 281

Computer Assignments 282

12 Deflection of Beams 283

12-1 Objectives of this Chapter 285

12-2 The Need for Considering Beam Deflections 286

12-3 Definition of Terms 286

12-4 Beam Deflections Using the Formula Method 289

12-5 Superposition Using Deflection Formulas 294

12-6 Basic Principles for Bearn Deflection by Successive Integration Method 295

12-7 Beam Deflections—Successive Integration Method—General Approach 298

Problems 307

Computer Assignments 308

13 Statically Indeterminate Beams 309

13-1 Objectives of this Chapter 312

13-2 Formulas for Statically Indeterminate Beams 312

13-3 Superposition Method 320

Problems 325

Computer Assignment 328

14 Columns 329

14-1 Objectives of This Chapter 332

14-2 Slenderness Ratio 333

14-3 Transition Slenderness Ratio 336

14-4 The Euler Formula for Long Columns 338

14-5 The J.B.Johnson Formula for Short Columns 338

14-6 Summary—Buckling Formulas 339

14-7 Design Factors for Columns and Allowable Load 341

14-8 Summary—Method of Analyzing Columns 342

14-9 Efficient Shapes for Column Cross Sections 346

Problems 347

Computer Assignments 351

Appendix 352

Answers to Selected Problems 386

教学支持说明 391