格氏解剖学基础教程双语教材 英文PDF电子书下载

1 The Body 2

What is anatomy? 2

How can gross anatomy be studied? 2

Important anatomical terms 2

Imaging 3

Diagnostic imaging techniques 3

Image interpretation 6

Plain radiography 6

Computed tomography 7

Magnetic resonance imaging 7

Nuclear medicine imaging 7

Safety in imaging 8

Body systems 8

Skeletal system 8

Cartilage 8

Bone 8

Joints 10

Skin and fascias 13

Skin 13

Fascia 14

Muscular system 14

Cardiovascular system 15

Lymphatic system 16

Lymphatic vessels 16

Lymph nodes 16

Lymphatic trunks and ducts 17

Nervous system 18

Central nervous system 18

Functional subdivisions of the CNS 19

Other systems 30

2 Back 32

Regional anatomy 32

Skeletal framework 32

Vertebrae 32

Intervertebral foramina 37

Posterior spaces between vertebral arches 38

Curvatures of vertebral column 38

Joints 40

Joints between vertebrae in the back 40

Ligaments 41

Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments 41

Ligamenta flava 42

Supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae 42

Interspinous ligaments 42

Back musculature 43

Superficial group of back muscles 43

Intermediate group of back muscles 45

Deep group of back muscles 46

Thoracolumbar fascia 48

Spinal cord 49

Vasculature 50

Meninges 52

Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal 53

Spinal nerves 53

3 Thorax 58

Regional anatomy 58

Pectoral region 58

Breast 58

Muscles of the pectoral region 60

Thoracic wall 60

Superior thoracic aperture 61

Inferior thoracic aperture 62

Skeletal framework 62

Intercostal spaces 71

Diaphragm 75

Venous drainage 77

Innervation 77

Movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm during breathing 77

Pleural cavities 78

Pleura 78

Lungs 81

Mediastinum 93

Middle mediastinum 94

Superior mediastinum 116

Posterior mediastinum 123

Anterior mediastinum 129

4 Abdomen 134

Regional anatomy 134

Surface topography 134

Four-quadrant pattern 134

Nine-region pattern 134

Abdominal wall 135

Superficial fascia 136

Anterolateral muscles 136

Extraperitoneal fascia 140

Peritoneum 141

Innervation 141

Arterial supply and venous drainage 142

Lymphatic drainage 143

Groin 143

Inguinal canal 144

Abdominal viscera 149

Peritoneum 149

Peritoneal cavity 150

Organs 153

Arterial supply to the gastrointestinal tract 172

Venous drainage 177

Lymphatics 180

Innervation 180

Posterior abdominal region 185

Posterior abdominal wall 185

Viscera 189

Vasculature 195

Lymphatic system 199

Nervous system in the posterior abdominal region 200

Sympathetic trunks and splanchnic nerves 201

5 Pelvis and Perineum 208

Regional anatomy 208

Pelvis 208

Bones 208

Joints 211

Orientation 212

Gender difierences 212

True pelvis 212

Viscera 220

Fascia 230

Peritoneum 230

Nerves 232

Blood vessels 239

Lymphatics 243

Perineum 244

Borders and ceiling 244

Ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses 245

Anal triangle 246

Urogenital triangle 246

Somatic nerves 252

Visceral nerves 253

Blood vessels 253

Veins 255

Lymphatics 255

6 Lower Limb 266

Regional anatomy 266

The Hip 267

Bony pelvis 267

Proximal femur 270

Hip joint 272

Gateways to the lower limb 274

Nerves 276

Arteries 276

Veins 276

Lymphatics 278

Deep fascia and the saphenous opening 279

Femoral triangle 280

Gluteal region 281

Muscles 282

Nerves 283

Arteries 286

Veins 287

Lymphatics 287

Thigh 287

Bones 288

Muscles 291

Arteries 294

Veins 298

Nerves 298

Knee joint 300

Tibiofibular joint 305

Popliteal fossa 306

Leg 307

Bones 308

Joints 309

Posterior compartment of 309

Lateral compartment of 313

Foot 315

Bones 316

Joints 319

Tarsal tunnel,retinacula,and arrangement of major structures at the ankle 326

Arches of the foot 327

Plantar aponeurosis 328

Fibrous sheaths of toes 328

Extensor hoods 328

Intrinsic muscles 329

Arteries 332

Veins 334

Nerves 334

7 Upper Limb 342

Regional anatomy 342

Shoulder 343

Bones 344

Joints 346

Muscles 351

Posterior scapular region 351

Gateways to the posterior scapular region 351

Nerves 354

Arteries and veins 354

Axilla 355

Axillary inlet 355

Anterior wall 356

Medial wall 357

Lateral wall 358

Posterior wall 358

Gateways in the posterior wall 359

Floor 359

Contents of the axilla 360

Arm 370

Bones 370

Muscles 373

Nerves 374

Arteries and veins 375

Elbow joint 377

Cubital fossa 380

Forearm 382

Bones 383

Joints 384

Anterior compartment of the forearm 385

Muscles 385

Arteries and veins 387

Nerves 388

Posterior compartment of forearm 390

Muscles 390

Arteries and veins 392

Nerves 392

Hand 394

Bones 394

Joints 397

Carpal tunnel and structures at the wrist 398

Palmar aponeurosis 399

Anatomical snuffbox 400

Fibrous digital sheaths 400

Extensor hoods 401

Muscles 402

Arteries and veins 403

Nerves 407

8 Head and Neck 415

Regional anatomy 415

Head 416

Neck 416

Skull 416

Anterior view 416

Lateral view 418

Posterior view 420

Superior view 421

Inferior view 421

Cranial cavity 424

Roof 424

Floor 425

Meninges 429

Cranial dura mater 429

Arachnoid mater 432

Pia mater 432

Meningeal spaces 432

Brain and its blood supply 434

Brain 434

Blood supply 435

Venous drainage 437

Cranial nerves 440

Olfactory nerve[Ⅰ] 440

Optic nerve[Ⅱ] 441

Oculomotor nerve[Ⅲ] 441

Trochlear nerve[Ⅳ] 442

Trigeminal nerve[Ⅴ] 442

Ophthalmic nerve[Ⅴ1] 443

Maxillary nerve[Ⅴ2] 444

Mandibular nerve[Ⅴ3] 444

Abducent nerve[Ⅵ] 444

Facial nerve[Ⅶ] 444

Vestibulocochlear nerve[Ⅷ] 445

Glossopharyngeal nerve[Ⅸ] 445

Vagus nerve[Ⅹ] 446

Accessory nerve[Ⅺ] 446

Hypoglossal nerve[Ⅻ] 446

Face 446

Muscles 446

Parotid gland 451

Innervation 453

Vessels 456

Scalp 459

Layers 459

Innervation 460

Vessels 461

Lymphatic drainage 462

Orbit 463

Bony orbit 463

Eyelids 464

Lacrimal apparatus 467

Sensory innervation 469

Fissures and foramina 469

Fascial specializations 471

Muscles 472

Vessels 475

Innervation 476

Eyeball 479

Ear 482

External ear 483

Middle ear 487

Internal ear 491

Temporal and infratemporal fossae 495

Bony framework 495

Temporomandibular joints 497

Masseter muscle 499

Temporal fossa 500

Infratemporal fossa 501

Pterygopalatine fossa 509

Skeletal framework 510

Gateways 511

Contents 511

Neck 515

Fascia 516

Superficial venous drainage 519

Anterior triangle of the neck 519

Posterior triangle of the neck 530

Root of the neck 534

Pharynx 540

Skeletal framework 541

Pharyngeal wall 542

Fascia 543

Gaps in the pharyngeal wall and structures passing through them 543

Nasopharynx 544

Oropharynx 545

Laryngopharynx 546

Tonsils 546

Vessels 546

Nerves 547

Larynx 548

Laryngeal cartilages 549

Extrinsic ligaments 550

Intrinsic ligaments 551

Laryngeal joints 553

Cavity of the larynx 554

Intrinsic muscles 555

Function of the larynx 556

Vessels 558

Nerves 559

Nasal cavities 559

Lateral wall 560

Regions 560

Skeletal framework 561

External nose 562

Paranasal sinuses 562

Walls,floor,and roof 564

Choanae 566

Gateways 566

Vessels 567

Innervation 568

Oral cavity 571

Skeletal framework 571

Walls:the cheeks 574

Floor 574

Tongue 574

Salivary glands 580

Roof—palate 583

Oral fissure and lips 586

Oropharyngeal isthmus 586

Teeth and gingivae 587