Cassandra权威指南（影印版） 第2版PDF电子书下载

1．Beyond Relational Databases 1

What’s Wrong with Relational Databases? 1

A Quick Review of Relational Databases 5

RDBMSs：The Awesome and the Not-So-Much 5

Web Scale 12

The Rise of NoSQL 13

Summary 15

2．Introducing Cassandra 17

The Cassandra Elevator Pitch 17

Cassandra in 50 Words or Less 17

Distributed and Decentralized 18

Elastic Scalability 19

High Availability and Fault Tolerance 19

Tuneable Consistency 20

Brewer’s CAP Theorem 23

Row-Oriented 27

High Performance 28

Where Did Cassandra Come From? 28

Release History 30

Is Cassandra a Good Fit for My Project? 35

Large Deployments 35

Lots of Writes,Statistics,and Analysis 36

Geographical Distribution 36

Evolving Applications 36

Getting Involved 36

Summary 38

3．Installing Cassandra 39

Installing the Apache Distribution 39

Extracting the Download 39

What’s In There? 40

Building from Source 41

Additional Build Targets 43

Running Cassandra 43

On Windows 44

On Linux 45

Starting the Server 45

Stopping Cassandra 47

Other Cassandra Distributions 48

Running the CQL Shell 49

Basic cqlsh Commands 50

cqlsh Help 50

Describing the Environment in cqlsh 51

Creating a Keyspace and Table in cqlsh 52

Writing and Reading Data in cqlsh 55

Summary 56

4．The Cassandra Query Language 57

The Relational Data Model 57

Cassandra’s Data Model 58

Clusters 61

Keyspaces 61

Tables 61

Columns 63

CQL Types 65

Numeric Data Types 66

Textual Data Types 67

Time and Identity Data Types 67

Other Simple Data Types 69

Collections 70

User-Defined Types 73

Secondary Indexes 76

Summary 78

5．Data Modeling 79

Conceptual Data Modeling 79

RDBMS Design 80

Design Differences Between RDBMS and Cassandra 81

Defining Application Queries 84

Logical Data Modeling 85

Hotel Logical Data Model 87

Reservation Logical Data Model 89

Physical Data Modeling 91

Hotel Physical Data Model 92

Reservation Physical Data Model 93

Materialized Views 94

Evaluating and Refining 96

Calculating Partition Size 96

Calculating Size on Disk 98

Breaking Up Large Partitions 99

Defining Database Schema 100

DataStax DevCenter 102

Summary 103

6．The Cassandra Architecture 105

Data Centers and Racks 105

Gossip and Failure Detection 106

Snitches 108

Rings and Tokens 109

Virtual Nodes 110

Partitioners 111

Replication Strategies 112

Consistency Levels 113

Queries and Coordinator Nodes 114

Memtables,SSTables,and Commit Logs 115

Caching 117

Hinted Handoff 117

Lightweight Transactions and Paxos 118

Tombstones 120

Bloom Filters 120

Compaction 121

Anti-Entropy,Repair,and Merkle Trees 122

Staged Event-Driven Architecture（SEDA） 124

Managers and Services 125

Cassandra Daemon 125

Storage Engine 126

Storage Service 126

Storage Proxy 126

Messaging Service 127

Stream Manager 127

CQL Native Transport Server 127

System Keyspaces 128

Summary 130

7．Configuring Cassandra 131

Cassandra Cluster Manager 131

Creating a Cluster 132

Seed Nodes 135

Partitioners 136

Murmur3 Partitioner 136

Random Partitioner 137

Order-Preserving Partitioner 137

ByteOrderedPartitioner 137

Snitches 138

Simple Snitch 138

Property File Snitch 138

Gossiping Property File Snitch 139

Rack Inferring Snitch 139

Cloud Snitches 140

Dynamic Snitch 140

Node Configuration 140

Tokens and Virtual Nodes 141

Network Interfaces 142

Data Storage 143

Startup and JVM Settings 144

Adding Nodes to a Cluster 144

Dynamic Ring Participation 146

Replication Strategies 147

SimpleStrategy 147

NetworkTopologyStrategy 148

Changing the Replication Factor 150

Summary 150

8．Clients 151

Hector,Astyanax,and Other Legacy Clients 151

DataStax Java Driver 152

Development Environment Configuration 152

Clusters and Contact Points 153

Sessions and Connection Pooling 155

Statements 156

Policies 164

Metadata 167

Debugging and Monitoring 171

DataStax Python Driver 172

DataStax Node.js Driver 173

DataStax Ruby Driver 174

DataStax C#Driver 175

DataStax C/C++Driver 176

DataStax PHP Driver 177

Summary 178

9．Reading and Writing Data 179

Writing 179

Write Consistency Levels 180

The Cassandra Write Path 181

Writing Files to Disk 183

Lightweight Transactions 185

Batches 188

Reading 190

Read Consistency Levels 191

The Cassandra Read Path 192

Read Repair 195

Range Queries,Ordering and Filtering 195

Functions and Aggregates 198

Paging 202

Speculative Retry 205

Deleting 205

Summary 206

10．Monitoring 207

Logging 207

Tailing 209

Examining Log Files 210

Monitoring Cassandra with JMX 211

Connecting to Cassandra via JConsole 213

Overview of MBeans 216

Cassandra’s MBeans 219

Database MBeans 222

Networking MBeans 226

Metrics MBeans 227

Threading MBeans 228

Service MBeans 228

Security MBeans 228

Monitoring with nodetool 229

Getting Cluster Information 230

Getting Statistics 232

Summary 234

11．Maintenance 235

Health Check 235

Basic Maintenance 236

Flush 236

Cleanup 237

Repair 238

Rebuilding Indexes 242

Moving Tokens 243

Adding Nodes 243

Adding Nodes to an Existing Data Center 243

Adding a Data Center to a Cluster 244

Handling Node Failure 246

Repairing Nodes 246

Replacing Nodes 247

Removing Nodes 248

Upgrading Cassandra 251

Backup and Recovery 252

Taking a Snapshot 253

Clearing a Snapshot 255

Enabling Incremental Backup 255

Restoring from Snapshot 255

SSTable Utilities 256

Maintenance Tools 257

DataStax OpsCenter 257

Netflix Priam 260

Summary 260

12．Performance Tuning 261

Managing Performance 261

Setting Performance Goals 261

Monitoring Performance 262

Analyzing Performance Issues 264

Tracing 265

Tuning Methodology 268

Caching 268

Key Cache 269

Row Cache 269

Counter Cache 270

Saved Cache Settings 270

Memtables 271

Commit Logs 272

SSTables 273

Hinted Handoff 274

Compaction 275

Concurrency and Threading 278

Networking and Timeouts 279

JVM Settings 280

Memory 281

Garbage Collection 281

Using cassandra-stress 283

Summary 286

13．Security 287

Authentication and Authorization 289

Password Authenticator 289

Using CassandraAuthorizer 292

Role-Based Access Control 293

Encryption 294

SSL,TLS,and Certificates 295

Node-to-Node Encryption 296

Client-to-Node Encryption 298

JMX Security 299

Securing JMX Access 299

Security MBeans 301

Summary 301

14．Deploying and Integrating 303

Planning a Cluster Deployment 303

Sizing Your Cluster 303

Selecting Instances 305

Storage 306

Network 307

Cloud Deployment 308

Amazon Web Services 308

Microsoft Azure 310

Google Cloud Platform 311

Integrations 312

Apache Lucene,SOLR,and Elasticsearch 312

Apache Hadoop 312

Apache Spark 313

Summary 319

Index 321