语篇与译者PDF电子书下载

1.Issues and Debates in Translation Studies 3

Process and Product 3

Objectivity/Subjectivity 4

'Literal'vs'Free' 5

Formal and Dynamic Equivalence 7

Form versus Content:The Translation of Style 8

Redefinifion of Style 9

Meaning Potential 10

'Empathy'and Intent 11

The Translator's Motivation 12

Poetic Discourse:A Test Case for Translatability 13

'Laws'of Translation 15

Author-centred and Reader-centred Translating 16

Conditions of Production 20

2.Linguistics and Translators:Theory and Practice 21

The Translator at Work 21

Human and Machine Translation:Actual and Virtual Problems 22

Structure vs Meaning 25

Contrasts between Language Systems 26

Pronouns of Address:A Problem of Structural Contrast 27

Is Translation Impossible? 29

The Language-and-Mind Approach 31

Socio-cultural Context 32

Current Trends:Intentions and Understanding 33

3.Context in Translating:Register Analysis 36

Malinowski:Contexts of Situation and Culture 36

Firth:Meaning and Language Variation 37

The Notion of Register 38

Situational Description 38

User-related Variation 39

Geographical Dialects 40

Temporal Dialect 41

Social Dialect 42

Standard Dialect 42

Idiolect 43

Use-related Variation 45

Field of Discourse 48

Mode ofDiscourse 49

Tenor of Discourse 50

The Inherent Fuzziness of Registers 51

Restricted Registers 53

4.Translating and Language as Discourse 55

Beyond Register 55

The Three Dimensions of Context 57

The Pragmatic Dimension 59

Speech Acts 60

The Cooperative Principle and Gricean Maxims 62

Negotiating Meaning in Translation 64

Communicative,Pragmatic and Semiotic Interplay 65

The Semiotic Dimension 67

Inter-Semiotic Transfer 69

Generic Constraints 69

Discoursal Constraints 70

Textual Constraints 73

Pragmatics and Semiotics of Register 75

Illocutionary Structure 76

5.Translating Text as Action:The Pragmatic Dimension of Context 76

Text Acts 78

Empirical Analysis 79

Illocutionary Force in Context 82

Power and Status 86

Interpretation and Inference 92

Effectiveness and Effi-ciency in Translation 93

Relevance 95

Quality,Relevance and the Translation of Irony 97

From Pragmatics to Semiotics 101

6.Translating Texts as Signs:The Semiotic Dimension of Context 101

Semiotics-conscious Trans-lating 104

The Semiotic Entity as a Unit of Translation 105

The Sign-A Developmental History 107

De Saussure 107

Peirce 108

Barthes and Myth 111

Connotation and Denotation 112

Basic Assumptions of Semiotics 114

Semiotics in Translating-a Synthesis 116

Intertextuality:Allusion and Reference 120

7. Intertextuality and Intentionality 120

Approaches to Intertextuality 121

The Intertextual Chain 121

Active and Passive Intertextuality 123

Types of Intertextual Reference 125

Mediation 127

What Intertextuality is Not 128

Contratextuality 130

A Typology 132

Recognition and Transfer of Intertextual Reference 133

Summary 137

8.Text Type as the Translator's Focus 139

Text Act in Interaction 139

Text in Relation to Discourse and Genre 140

Standards of Textuality 144

Rhetorical Purpose 145

Dominant Contextual Focus 145

The Hybrid Nature of Texts 146

Text-type Focus 149

Macro-text Processing 150

Micro-text Processing 151

The Argumentative Text Type 153

The Expository Text Type 154

The Instructional Text Type 156

The Psychological Reality of Text Types 159

Ideology,Text Type and Translation 160

9.Prose Designs:Text Structure in Translation 165

Principles of Composition 165

How Context Influences the Structure of Texts 168

Contextual Configuration 170

Limits of Structure Modification 171

How Elements are Grouped into Sequences 173

Perceiving Boundaries between Sequences 175

Topic Shift 177

Perceiving Text as a Unit of Structure 178

Equivalence:Word Level or Text Level 180

Basic Text Designs 181

Putting Text Designs to Use in Summarising 185

Texts in Relation to Discourse 186

Limits of the Translator's Freedom 187

Issues for the Translator 190

10.Discourse Texture 192

'Form'and'Content' 192

Texture as Motivated Choice 193

Coherence as Intended Meaning 194

Standards of Textuality 195

Systems Contrasts 195

Inference 197

Recurrence and Co-reference 199

Partial Recurrence 200

Pro-forms and Ellipsis 201

Collocation 204

Junction and Inter-Propositional Coherence 205

Explicit and Implicit Relations 207

Theme and Rheme in Translation 209

Thematisation:Functional Sentence Perspective 212

Com-municative Dynamism 213

Saliency 215

Predictability and Recoverability 215

Information Systems:Giv-en-New Information 215

Shared Assumptions 216

Assumed Familiarity 217

Thematic Progression 217

Theme-Rheme in relation to Genre and Discourse 220

Texture-A Final Word 222

11.The Translator as Mediator 223

Two Kinds of Mediation 223

Reader Assumptions and Expectations 227

Selecting between Options 228

Inter-action of Signs within the Text 229

Interaction with other Texts 230

Problems of Cohesion 231

Thematic Progression 234

Conclusions-The Translator at Work 236

Glossary of Terms 239

List of Texts Quoted 245

Bibliography 247

Index 254