费恩曼物理学讲义 第1卷PDF电子书下载
- 电子书积分:16 积分如何计算积分?
- 作 者:Feynman et al著
- 出 版 社:世界图书出版公司北京公司
- 出版年份:2004
- ISBN:9787506272476
- 页数:521 页
CHAPTER 1. ATOMS IN MOTION 1
1-1 Introduction 1
1-2 Matter is made of atoms 2
1-3 Atomic processes 5
1-4 Chemical reactions 6
CHAPTER 2. BASIC PHYSICS 11
2-1 Introduction 11
2-2 Physics before 1920 13
2-3 Quantum physics 16
2-4 Nuclei and particles 18
CHAPTER 3. THE RELATION OF PHYSICS TO OTHER SCIENCES 23
3-1 Introduction 23
3-2 Chemistry 23
3-3 Biology 24
3-4 Astronomy 28
3-5 Geology 29
3-6 Psychology 30
3-7 How did it get that way? 31
CHAPTER 4. CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 33
4-1 What is energy? 33
4-2 Gravitational potential energy 34
4-3 Kinetic energy 37
4-4 Other forms of energy 38
CHAPTER 5. TIME AND DISTANCE 41
5-1 Motion 41
5-2 Time 41
5-3 Short times 42
5-4 Long times 43
5-5 Units and standards of time 45
5-6 Large distances 45
5-7 Short distances 48
CHAPTER 6. PROBABILITY 51
6-1 Chance and likelihood 51
6-2 Fluctuations 53
6-3 The random walk 55
6-4 A probability distribution 57
6-5 The uncertainty principle 60
CHAPTER 7. THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION 63
7-1 Planetary motions 63
7-2 Kepler's laws 63
7-3 Development of dynamics 64
7-4 Newton's law of gravitation 65
7-5 Universal gravitation 67
7-6 Cavendish's experiment 71
7-7 What is gravity? 71
7-8 Gravity and relativity 73
CHAPTER 8. MOTION 75
8-1 Description of motion 75
8-2 Speed 76
8-3 Speed as a derivative 79
8-4 Distance as an integral 81
8-5 Acceleration 82
CHAPTER 9. NEWTON'S LAWS OF DYNAMIcs 85
9-1 Momentum and force 85
9-2 Speed and velocity 86
9-3 Components of velocity, acceleration, and force 87
9-4 What is the force? 87
9-5 Meaning of the dynamical equations 88
9-6 Nurerical solution of the equations 89
9-7 Planetary motions 90
CHAPTER 10. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM 95
10-1 Newton's Third Law 95
10-2 Conservation of momentum 96
10-3 Momentum is conserved! 99
10-4 Momentum and energy 101
10-5 Relativistic momentum 102
CHAPTER 11. VECTORS 105
11-1 Symmetry in physics 105
11-2 Translations 105
11-3 Rotations 107
11-4 Vectors 109
11-5 Vector algebra 110
11-6 Newton's laws in vector notation 111
11-7 Scalar product of vectors 112
CHAPTER 12. CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCE 115
12-1 What is a force? 115
12-2 Friction 117
12-3 Molecular forces 120
12-4 Fundamental forces. Fields 121
12-5 Pseudo forces 124
12-6 Nuclear forces 126
CHAPTER 13. WORK AND POTENTIAL ENERGY (A) 127
13-1 Energy of a falling body 127
13-2 Work done by gravity 129
13-3 Summation of energy 132
13-4 Gravitational field of large objects 134
CHAPTER 14. WORK AND POTENTIAL ENERGY (conclusion) 137
14-1 Work 137
14-2 Constrained motion 139
14-3 Conservative forces 139
14-4 Nonconservative forces 142
14-5 Potentials and fields 143
CHAPTER 15. THE SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 147
15-1 The principle of relativity 147
15-2 The Lorentz transformation 149
15-3 The Michelson-Morley experiment 149
15-4 Transformation of time 151
15-5 The Lorentz contraction 153
15-6 Simultaneity 153
15-7 Four-vectors 154
15-8 Relativistic dynamics 155
15-9 Equivalence of mass and energy 156
CHAPTER 16. RELATIVISRIC ENERGY AND MOMENTUM 159
16-1 Relativity and the philosophers 159
16-2 The twin paradox 161
16-3 Transformation of velocities 162
16-4 Relativistic mass 164
16-5 Relativistic energy 166
CHAPTER 17. SPACE-TIME 169
17-1 The geometry of space-time 169
17-2 Space-time intervals 170
17-3 Past, present, and future 172
17-4 More about four-vectors 173
17-5 Four-vector algebra 175
CHAPTER 18. ROTATION IN TWO DIMENSIONS 177
18-1 The center of mass 177
18-2 Rotation of a rigid body 178
18-3 Angular momentum 181
18-4 Conservation of angular momentum 182
CHAPTER 19. CENTER OF MASS; MOMENT OF INERTIA 185
19-1 Properties of the center of mass 185
19-2 Locating the center of mass 188
19-3 Finding the moment of inertia 189
19-4 Rotational kinetic energy 191
CHAPTER 20. ROTATION IN SPACE 195
20-1 Torques in three dimnensions 195
20-2 The rotation equations using cross products 198
20-3 The gyroscope 199
20-4 Angular momentum of a solid body 202
CHAPTER 21. THE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR 203
21-1 Linear differential equations 203
21-2 The harmonic oscillator 203
21-3 Harmonic motion and circular motion 206
21-4 Initial conditions 206
21-5 Forced oscillations 207
CHAPTER 22. ALGEBRA 209
22-1 Addition and multiplication 209
22-2 The inverse operations 210
22-3 Abstraction and generalization 211
22-4 Approximating irrational numbers 212
22-5 Complex numbers 215
22-6 Imaginary exponents 217
CHAPTER 23. RESONANCE 219
23-1 Complex numbers and harmonic motion 219
23-2 The forced oscillator with damping 221
23-3 Electrical resonance 223
23-4 Resonance in nature 225
CHAPTER 24. TRANSIENTS 229
24-1 The energy of an oscillator 229
24-2 Damped oscillations 230
24-3 Electrical transients 233
CHAPTER 25. LINEAR SYSTEMS AND REVIEW 235
25-1 Linear differential equations 235
25-2 Superposition of solutions 236
25-3 Oscillations in linear systems 239
25-4 Analogs in physics 240
25-5 Series and parallel impedances 242
CHAPTER 26. OPTICS: THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST TIME 245
26-1 Light 245
26-2 Reflection and refraction 246
26-3 Fermat's principle of least time 247
26-4 Applications of Fermat's princlple 249
26-5 A more precise statement of Fermat's principle 251
26-6 How it works 252
CHAPTER 27. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 253
27-1 Introduction 253
27-2 The focal length of a spherical surface 253
27-3 The focal length of a lens 256
27-4 Magnification 257
27-5 Compound lenses 258
27-6 Aberrations 259
27-7 Resolving power 259
CHAPTER 28. ELECIROMAGNETIC RADIATION 261
28-1 Electromagnetism 261
28-2 Radiation 263
28-3 The dipole radiator 265
28-4 Interference 266
CHAPTER 29. INN ERFERENCE 267
29-1 Electromagnetic waves 267
29-2 Energy of radiation 268
29-3 Sinusoidal waves 268
29-4 Two dipole radiators 269
29-5 The mathematics of interference 271
CHAPTER 30. DIFFRACTION 275
30-1 The resultant amplitude due to n equal oscillators 30-1 275
30-2 The diffraction grating 277
30-3 Resolving power of a grating 279
30-4 The parabolic antenna 280
30-5 Colored films; crystals 281
30-6 Diffraction by opaque screens 282
30-7 The field of a plane of oscillating charges 284
CHAPTER 31. THE ORIGIN OF THE REFRACTIVE INDEX 287
31-1 The index of refraction 287
31-2 The field due to the material 290
31-3 Dispersion 292
31-4 Absorption 294
31-5 The energy carried by an electric wave 295
31-6 Diffraction of light by a screen 296
CHAPTER 32. RADIATION DAMPING. LIGHT SCATTERING 299
32-1 Radiation resistance 299
32-2 The rate of radiation of energy 300
32-3 Radiation damping 301
32-4 Independent sources 303
32-5 Scattering of light 304
CHAPTER 33. POLARIZATION 309
33-1 The electric vector of light 309
33-2 Polarization of scattered light 311
33-3 Birefringence 311
33-4 Polarizers 313
33-5 Optical activity 314
33-6 The intensity of reflected light 315
33-7 Anomalous refraction 317
CHAPTER 34. RELATIVIsTIC EFFECTS IN RADIATION 319
34-1 Moving sources 319
34-2 Finding the “apparent” motion 320
34-3 Synchrotron radiation 321
34-4 Cosmic synchrotron radiation 324
34-5 Bremsstrahlung 324
34-6 The Doppler effect 325
34-7 The ω, k four-vector 327
34-8 Aberration 328
34-9 The momentum of light 328
CHAPTER 35. COLOR VISION 331
35-1 The human eye 331
35-2 Color depends on intensity 332
35-3 Measuring the color sensation 333
35-4 The chromaticity diagram 336
35-5 The mechanism of color vision 337
35-6 Physiochemistry of color vision 339
CHAPTER 36. MECHANISMS OF SEEING 341
36-1 The sensation of color 341
36-2 The physiology of the eye 343
36-3 The rod cells 346
36-4 The compound (insect) eye 346
36-5 Other eyes 349
36-6 Neurology of vision 349
CHAPTER 37. QUANTUM BEHAVIOR 353
37-1 Atomic mechanics 353
37-2 An experiment with bullets 354
37-3 An experiment with waves 355
37-4 An experiment with electrons 356
37-5 The interference of electron waves 357
37-6 Watching the electrons 359
37-7 First principles of quantum mechanics 362
37-8 The uncertainty principle 363
CHAPTER 38. THE RELATION OF WAVE AND PARTICLE VIEWPOINTS 365
38-1 Probability wave amplitudes 365
38-2 Measurement of position and momentum 366
38-3 Crystal diffraction 368
38-4 The size of an atom 369
38-5 Energy levels 371
38-6 Philosophical implications 372
CHAPTER 39. THE KINETIC THEORY OF GASES 375
39-1 Properties of matter 375
39-2 The pressure of a gas 376
39-3 Compressibility of radiation 380
39-4 Temperature and kinetic energy 380
39-5 The ideal gas law 384
CHAPTER 40. THE PRINCIPLES OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS 387
40-1 The exponential atmosphere 387
40-2 The Boltzmann law 388
40-3 Evaporation of a liquid 389
40-4 The distribution of molecular speeds 390
40-5 The specific heats of gases 393
40-6 The failure of classical physics 394
CHAPTER 41. THE BROWNIAN MOVEMENT 397
41-1 Equipartition of energy 397
41-2 Thermal equilibrium of radiation 399
41-3 Equipartition and the quantum oscillator 402
41-4 The random walk 404
CHAPTER 42. APPLICATIONS OF KINETIC THEORY 407
42-1 Evaporation 407
42-2 Thermionic emission 410
42-3 Thermal ionization 411
42-4 Chemical kinetics 413
42-5 Einstein's laws of radiation 414
CHAPTER 43. DIFFUSION 417
43-1 Collisions between molecules 417
43-2 The mean free path 419
43-3 The drift speed 420
43-4 Ionic conductivity 422
43-5 Molecular diffusion 423
43-6 Thermal conductivity 425
CHAPTER 44. THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 427
44-1 Heat engines; the first law 427
44-2 The second law 429
44-3 Reversible engines 430
44-4 The efficiency of an ideal engine 433
44-5 The thermodynamic temperature 435
44-6 Entropy 436
CHAPTER 45. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THERMODYNAMICS 441
45-1 Internal energy 441
45-2 Applications 444
45-3 The Clausius-Clapeyron equation 446
CHAPTER 46. RATCHET AND PAWL 451
46-1 How a ratchet works 451
46-2 The ratchet as an engine 452
46-3 Reversibility in mechanics 454
46-4 Irreversibility 455
46-5 Order and entropy 457
CHAPTER 47. SOUND THE WAVE EQUATION 461
47-1 Waves 461
47-2 The propagation of sound 463
47-3 The wave equation 464
47-4 Solutions of the wave equation 466
47-5 The speed of sound 467
CHAPTER 48. BEATS 469
48-1 Adding two waves 469
48-2 Beat notes and modulation 471
48-3 Side bands 472
48-4 Localized wave trains 473
48-5 Probability amplitudes for particles 475
48-6 Waves in three dimensions 477
48-7 Normal modes 478
CHAPTER 49. MODES 481
49-1 The refiection of waves 481
49-2 Confined waves, with natural frequencies 482
49-3 Modes in two dimensions 483
49-4 Coupled pendulums 486
49-5 Linear systems 487
CHAPTER 50. HARMONICS 489
50-1 Musical tones 489
50-2 The Fourier series 490
50-3 Quality and consonance 491
50-4 The Fourier coefficients 493
50-5 The energy theorem 495
50-6 Nonlinear responses 496
CHAPTER 51. WAVES 499
51-1 Bow waves 499
51-2 Shock waves 500
51-3 Waves in solids 502
51-4 Surface waves 505
CHAPTER 52. SYMMETRY IN PHYSICAL LAWS 509
52-1 Symmetry operations 509
52-2 Symmetry in space and time 509
52-3 Symmetry and conservation laws 511
52-4 Mirror reflections 512
52-5 Polar and axial vectors 514
52-6 Which hand is right? 516
52-7 Parity is not conserved! 516
52-8 Antimatter 518
52-9 Broken symmetries 519
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