物理学词典 分子与原子物理学分册PDF电子书下载

克原子gram atom 1

爱耳赘奇实验Eldridge experiment 1 1

摩尔mol 1

克分子gram molecule 1

名词目录 1

分子量molecular weight 1

分子molecule 1

分子物理学molecular physics 1

一　分子物理学 1

摩尔分子体积molar volume 2

大气压atmospheric pressure 2

分子运动论kinetic theory of molecule 2

标准大气压standard atmospheric pressure 3

标准状况standard ccndition 3

玻意耳定律Boyle's law 3

查理定律Charles'law 3

盖-吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac's law 4

克拉珀龙方程Clapeyron's equation 4

理想气体ideal gas 4

相变change of phase 5 5

范德瓦耳斯方程Van der Waals'equation 5

理想气体的物态方程equation of state for ideal gases 5

气体常数gas constant 6

玻耳兹曼常数Boltzmann constant 6

阿伏伽德罗定律Avogadro's law 6

洛喜密脱数Loschmidt number 7

分子数密度number density of molecule 7

分子密度molecular density 7

道耳顿分压定律Dalton's law of partial pressure 7

分子混沌molecular chaos 7

阿伏伽德罗数Avogadro's number 7

速度分布律distribution law of velocity 8

分子束molecular beam 9

最概然速率most probable speed 9

方均根速率root-mean-square speed 9

平均速率average speed 9

速率分布函数distribution function of speed 9

斯特恩实验Stern experiment 10

朗缪尔实验Langmuir experiment 11

能量均分定理theorem of equipartition of energy 12

自由度degree of freedom 12

多原子分子polyatomic molecule 12

双原子分子diatomic molecule 12

碰撞频率collision frequency 13

自由程free path 13

平均自由程mean free path 14

萨瑟兰公式Sutherland formula 15

萨瑟兰常数Sutherland constant 15

输运现象transport phenomena 16

气体的扩散现象diffusion phenomena in gas 16

扩散系数diffusion coefficient 16

斐克定律Fick's law 16

轫致辐射braking radiation；Bremsstrahlumg 1 17

内摩擦internal friction 17

热传导heat conduction 17

傅里叶定律Fourier's law 17

热传导系数coefficient of heat conduction 17

内摩擦系数coefficient of internal friction 18

粘滞性viscosity 18

牛顿粘滞定律Newton's law of viscosity 18

泊poise 18

真空泵vacuum pump 18

真空计vacuum gauge 20

压力计pressure gauge 21

气压计barometer 21

滑动效应slide effect 22

气体的吸收absorption of gas 22

气体的吸附adsorption of gas 22

热流逸thermal transpiration 23

温度突变temperature jump 23

涨落fluctuation 23

布朗运动Brownian movement 24

皮兰实验Perrin's experiment 24

无极分子nonpolar molecule 25

有极分子polar molecule 25

约翰孙噪声Johnson noise 25

分子结构molecular structure 25

肖脱基效应Schottky effect 25

散粒效应shot effect 25

热噪声thermo noise 25

分子间力intermolecular force 26

分子电流molecular current 26

化学亲合势chemical affinity 26

化学键chemical bond 26

分子磁体molecular magnet 26

范德瓦耳斯力Van der Waals'force 27

共价键covalent bond 28

原子键atomic bond 28

范德瓦耳斯键Van der Waals'bond 28

离子键ionic bond 28

金属键metallic bond 29

分子晶体molecular crystal 29

表面张力surface tension 29

渗透作用osmosis 30

分子的振动vibration of molecule 30

毛细现象capillarity 30

振动量子数vibrational quantum number 31

高激发态分子high excited molecule 31

分子的转动rotation of molecule 31

振动能级vibrational energy level 31

转动能级rotational energy level 32

转动量子数rotational quantum number 32

分子光谱molecular spectrum 32

分子的转动光谱molecular rotational spectrum 33

分子的振动光谱molecular vibrational spectrum 33

分子吸收光谱molecular absorption spectrum 33

组合散射combination scattering 34

分子光谱的同位素移动isotope shift of molecular spectrum 35

激光分离同位素isotope separation by laser 35

多光子离解multiple photon dissociation 36

分子的离解能energy of molecular dissociation 36

分子天文学molecular astronomy 36

星际分子interstellar molecule 36

分子生物学molecular biology 37

生物大分子large biological molecule 37

高聚物high polymer 38

量子化学quantum chemistry 38

分子设计molecular design 39

永气体permanent gas 39

热平衡态equilibrium state 40

热力学第零定律zeroth law of thermodynamics 40

温度temperature 40

二 热学 40

测温质thermometric substance 41

测温性质thermometric property 41

温度计thermometer 41

温标thermometric scale 41

热力学温标thermodynamic scale 42

理想气体温标ideal gas'thermometric scale 42

华氏温标Fahrenheit's thermometric scale 42

列氏温标Reaumur's thermometric scale 42

经验温标empirical thermometric scale 42

摄氏温标Celsius'thermometric scale 42

开（开耳芬）K（Kelvin） 43

绝对温标absolute scale of temperature 43

负温度negative temperature 43

国际温标international scale of temperature 43

液体温度计liquid thermometer 44

气体温度计gas thermometer 44

热量quantity of heat 45

热质说caloric theory ofheat 46

热能thermal energy 46

热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat 46

量热术calorimetry 47

卡［路里］calorie 47

量热器calorimeter 47

大卡kilocalorie 48

热值calorific value 48

燃烧热heat of combustion 48

比热specific heat 48

定容比热specific heat at constant volume 48

定压比热specific heat at constant pressure 48

杜隆-珀替定律Dulong and Petit's law 49

定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure 49

定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume 49

摩尔原子热容gram atomic heat capacity 49

克分子热容molar heat capacity 49

摩尔热容molar heat capacity 49

热容量heat capacity 49

分子热molecular heat 49

原子热atomic heat 49

考普-诺埃曼定律Kopp-Neumann's law 50

膨胀系数coefficient of expansion 50

压强温度系数temperature coefficient of pressure 51

压缩系数compressibility 51

牛顿冷却定律Newton's law of cooling 52

运流convection 52

热管heat pipe 52

黑体black body 53

斯忒藩-玻耳兹曼定律Stefan-Boltzmann's law 53

辐射能radiant energy 53

热辐射thermal radiation 53

交换定律law of exchange 54

相phase 54

相图phase diagram 54

凝聚态state of coagulation 54

聚集态state of aggregation 55

凝聚相condensed phase 55

单相系homogeneous system 55

复相系heterogeneous system 55

相界phase boundary 55

相律phase rule 56

相变潜热latent heat of phase change 56

相平衡phase equilibrium 56

潜热latent heat 56

三相点triple point 57

凝固freezing 57

凝固点freezing point 57

升华sublimation 57

升华热heat of sublimation 58

熔解fusion 58

熔点fusion point 58

熔解热heat of fusion 58

凝结condensation 58

汽化热heat of vaporization 59

汽化vaporization 59

凝结核nuclei of condensation 59

凝结热heat of condensation 59

蒸发evaporation 60

蒸发热heat of evaporation 60

蒸气vapour 60

饱和汽saturated vapour 60

饱和蒸气压saturation pressure 61

过饱和汽supersaturated vapour 61

过热蒸气superheated vapour 61

过冷super-cooling 61

过热super-heating 61

相对湿度relative humidity 62

绝对湿度absolute humidity 62

湿度humidity 62

沸腾boiling 62

沸点boiling point 62

临界常数critical constant 63

临界温度critical temperature 63

临界压强critical pressure 63

临界体积critical volume 63

对比物态方程reduced equation of state 63

临界状态critical state 63

对比压强reduced pressure 64

焦耳-汤姆孙效应Joule-Thomson effect 64

对比体积reduced volume 64

对比温度reduced temperature 64

对应态corresponding state 64

对应态定理corresponding state theorem 64

转换温度inversion temperature 65

热力学thermodynamics 65

可逆过程reversible process 65

不可逆过程irreversible process 65

等温过程isothermal process 65

等温线isotherm 66

绝热过程adiabatic process 66

绝热曲线adiabatics 67

内能internal energy 67

泊松公式Poisson formula 67

绝热指数adiabatic exponent 67

理想气体的绝热方程adiabatic equation of ideal gas 67

热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 68

第一种永动机perpetual motion machine of the first kind 68

赫斯定律Hesse's law 68

热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 68

第二种永动机perpetual motion machine of the second kind 69

热寂说theory of heat death 69

热力学第三定律third law of thermodynamics 70

工程热物理学engineering thermophysics 70

原子物理atomic physics 71

原子atom 71

（一）总论 71

三 原子物理学 71

原子学说atomism 72

原子论atomic theory 73

原子常数atomic constant 73

周期表periodic table 74

周期律periodic law 74

原子序数atomic number 74

原子质量数atomic mass number 75

原子量atomic weight 75

原子质量atomic mass 75

原子半径atomic radius 76

原子单位atomic unit 76

原子质量换算因数atomic mass conversion factor 76

原子质量单位atomic mass unit 76

原子体积atomic volume 76

原子实atomic kcernel 77

原子有序化atomic ordering 77

原子频率atomic frequencies 77

原子阻止本领atomic stopping power 77

原子核atomic nucleus 78

电子electron 78

电子经典半径electron classical radius 79

价电子valence electron 79

自由电子free electron 79

外逸电子exoelectron 79

α粒子α-particle 79

同位素isotope 80

光量子light quantum 80

能量子quantum of energy 80

作用量子quantum of action 80

质谱仪mass-spectrometer 81

氘deuterium 81

重水heavy water;deuteroxide 82

仲氦parahelium 82

正氦orthohelium 82

正氢orthohydrogen 82

仲氢parahydrogen 82

放射性元素radioactive element 82

半衰期helf-period 83

人工放射性元素artificial radioactiveelement 83

天然放射性元素natural radioactive element 83

放射性同位素radioactive isotope 83

亚稳原子metastable atom 84

里德伯原子Rydberg atom 84

D原子D-atom 84

卢［瑟福］rutherford 84

约化质量reduced mass 84

玻尔原子Bohr atom 84

折合质量reduced mass 84

正电子positron 85

正子素Positronium 85

强子原子hadronic atom 85

奇特原子exotic atom 85

磁氢原子monopole hydrogen atom 85

电子偶electron pair 86

原子能atomic energy 86

核反应堆nuclear reactor 86

电子伏［特］electron-volt（eV） 87

（二）原子结构 87

原子模型atomic model 87

汤姆孙原子模型Thomson atomic model 88

卢瑟福实验Rutherford experiment 88

α粒子散射实验α-particles scattered experiment 89

云室cloud chamber 89

威耳孙云室Wilson cloud chamber 89

膨胀云室expansion cloud chamber 90

有效截面effective cross-section 91

扩散云室diffusion cloud chamber 91

玻尔假设Bohr postulates 92

原子的核式结构atomic nuclear-model structure 92

行星式原子模型planetary atom model 92

卢瑟福-玻尔原子模型Rutherford-Bohr atomic model 93

夫兰克-赫兹实验Franck-Hertz's experiment 93

激发电势excitation potential 94

电离电势ionization potential 94

共振电势resonance potential 95

中肯电势critical potential 95

玻尔理论Bohr theory 95

玻尔半径Bohr radius 96

能级energy level 96

电子轨道electron orbit 96

玻尔轨道Bohr orbit 96

玻尔频率规则Bohr's frequency condition 96

能级图energy level diagram 97

玻尔-索末菲理论Bohr-Sommerfeld theory 98

空间量子化space quantization 99

泡利不相容原理Pauli's exclusion principle 99

电子组态electron configuration 100

电子壳层electron shell 100

闭合壳层closed shell 101

简并度degeneracy 101

退化度degeneracy 101

电子云electronic cloud 102

空间简并化degeneration of space 102

（三）原子光谱 104

原子光谱atomic spectrum 104

定态stationary state 105

激发态excitation state 105

受激态excited state 105

亚稳态metastable state 105

对应原理correspondence principle 105

基态ground state 105

选择定则selection rule 106

跃迁过程transition process 106

容许跃迁allowable transition 107

禁戒跃迁forbidden transition 107

激发几率excitation probability 107

跃迁几率transition probability 107

禁线forbidden line 108

里兹组合原则Ritz combination principle 108

光谱项spectral term 108

巴耳末系Balmer series 108

赖曼系Lyman series 110

帕邢系Paschen series 110

布喇开系Brackett series 110

芬德系Pfund series 111

里德伯常数Rydberg constant 111

类氢离子hydrogen-like ion 111

皮克林系Pickering series 112

巴耳末公式Balmer formula 112

里德伯公式Rydberg's formula 112

主线系principal series 113

漫线系diffuse series 114

第一辅线系first subordinate series 114

锐线系sharp series 114

第二辅线系second subordinate series 115

伯格曼系Bergman series 115

基线系fundamental series 115

X单位X unit 116

X射线谱X-ray spectrum 116

X射线X rays 116

伦琴射线R？ntgen rays 116

碰撞辐射collision radiation 117

标识辐射characteristic radiation 117

莫塞莱定律Moseley's law 118

布喇格角Bragg angle 118

原子的f-曲线f-curve of the atom 118

原子形状因数atomic form factor 118

康普顿效应Compton effect 118

康普顿波长Compton wave-length 119

康普顿方程Compton equation 119

康普顿电子Compton electron 119

俄歇电子Auger electron 120

精细结构fine structure 120

反冲电子recoil electron 120

俄歇效应Auger effect 120

精细结构常数fine structure constant 121

超精细结构hyperfine structure 121

多重态multiplet 121

单一态singlet 122

双重态doublet 122

三重态triplet 123

复双重线composite doublet 123

复三重线composite triplet 123

电子自旋electron spin 124

斯特恩-革拉赫实验Stern-Gerlach experiment 124

多重群polyad 124

超多重线supermultiplet 124

玻尔磁子Bohr magneton 125

磁子magneton 125

塞曼效应Zeeman effect 125

正常塞曼效应normal Zeeman effect 126

反常塞曼效应anomalous Zeeman effect 126

帕邢-巴克效应Paschen-Back effect 127

磁光转变megneto-optical transition 127

斯塔克效应Stark effect 127

朗德因子Landé factor 128

g因子g-factor 128

原子的矢模型vector model of atom 128

原子时atomic time 128

原子钟atomic clock 129

原子频标atomic frequency scale 129