The New Law of TortsPDF电子书下载

PARTⅠ Introduction 1

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to the Law of Torts and Historical Overview 3

1.1 Definition and classification of torts 4

1.2 Historical origins of the law of torts 9

1.3 Interpretation and construction of legislative provisions 21

1.4 Torts Reforms of 2002-03 23

CHAPTER 2 Damages 31

2.1 Introduction 32

2.2 History of compensation in the law of torts 34

2.3 Nature of compensation in the law of torts 37

2.4 Classification of damages 44

2.5 Special and general (compensatory) damages 54

2.6 General damages 54

2.7 Non-economic loss 55

2.8 Damages for gratuitous services and attendant care 64

CHAPTER 3 Survival Actions and Wrongful Death; Statutory Compensation Schemes 81

3.1 Survival of causes of action 82

3.2 Wrongful death 85

3.3 Statutory compensation schemes 90

PARTⅡ Intentional Torts 103

CHAPTER 4 Trespass to the Person (Battery and Negligent Trespass; Assault and False Imprisonment) 105

4.1 Historical origins of the tort of trespass to the person 105

4.2 The tort of battery 109

4.3 Negligent trespass 114

4.4 The tort of assault 116

4.5 The tort of false imprisonment 121

CHAPTER 5 Trespass to Land 130

5.1 Trespass to land: history and rationale 130

5.2 Elements of the tort of trespass to land 134

5.3 Trespass beneath and above the surface of the land 138

5.4 Damages 140

5.5 Limitations of the tort of trespass to land 142

5.6 Tort of trespass to land and the right to privacy 143

CHAPTER 6 Miscellaneous Intentional Torts of Action on the Case for Personal Injury 147

6.1 Origins of action on the Case 148

6.2 Action on the 0ase for intentional infliction of physical harm 149

6.3 Cause of action for intentional infliction of nervous shock 150

6.4 Malicious prosecution 156

6.5 Tort of collateral abuse of process 162

6.6 Misfeasance in public office 167

6.7 Tort of breach of confidence and misuse of private information 175

CHAPTER 7 Deceit and Injurious Falsehood 184

7.1 Introduction 184

7.2 Deceit 186

7.3 Injurious falsehood 194

CHAPTER 8 Torts of Intentional Interference with Goods/Personal Property 202

8.1 Introduction 203

8.2 Trespass to goods (chattels) 206

8.3 Detinue 212

8.4 Conversion 215

8.5 Special action on the Case for intentional damage to goods 235

8.6 'Spoliation': intentional or negligent destruction of evidence 236

CHAPTER 9 Defences to Intentional Torts 239

9.1 Introduction 239

9.2 The concept of fault in intentional torts 239

9.3 Consent in intentional torts 241

9.4 Statutory defences of legal authority 258

9.5 Defencesto battery 261

9.6 Defencesto false imprisonment 265

9.7 Exceptions and defences to trespass to land 267

9.8 Defence of insanity 271

9.9 Defence of limitation of actions 272

9.10 Mistake 274

PART Ⅲ The Tort of Negligence 277

CHAPTER 10 Negligence: Duty of Care 285

10.1 Introduction 286

10.2 Special kinds of duties and liabilities 303

CHAPTER 11 Breach of Duty of Care 320

11.1 Introduction 321

11.2 Factors that the court must consider when determining the reasonable person's response to the risk 330

11.3 Aspects of statutory provisions relevant to the determination of the breach of duty of care 354

11.4 Specific standards 370

11.5 The nature of inference in law 399

CHAPTER 12 Causation and Proof of Breach 403

12.1 Introduction 404

12.2 Statutory definition of legal causation 415

12.3 Multifactorial causality at common law 431

12.4 Attributing legal liability in cases of failure to advise of a risk of death or injury 451

12.5 Other aspects of causation 462

CHAPTER 13 Remoteness of Damage 478

13.1 Introduction 478

13.2 The meaning of'reasonable foreseeability' 479

13.3 The concept and nature of remoteness of damage 481

13.4 The test for remoteness of damage 484

PART Ⅳ　Particular Categones of Case 491

CHAPTER 14 Pure Nonfeasance (Pure Omissions) 499

14.1 Historical introduction: acts and pure omissions 499

14.2 Pure nonfeasance and the common law 500

14.3 Liability of public authorities for omissions at common law 504

14.4 Liability of highway authorities 518

14.5 Entities vested with regulation making power 520

CHAPTER 15 Mental Harm: Liability for Negligently Occasioned Pure Psychiatric Injury 522

15.1 Conceptual underpinnings 523

15.2 The nature of the damage: recognised psychiatric illness 527

15.3 Consequential nature of the injury 529

15.4 Evolution of liability for negligently occasioned pure psychiatric injury 530

15.5 Elements of action for negligently occasioned pure psychiatric injury at common law 539

15.6 Codification of the law of psychiatric injury (mental harm) in Australia 547

CHAPTER 16 Pure Economic Loss 562

16.1 Negligently occasioned pure economic loss 563

16.2 Negligent misstatement 575

16.3 Causation and the doctrine of vulnerability 589

16.4 Remoteness of damage 591

PART Ⅴ　Defences to Negligence 595

CHAPTER 17 Defences to Negligence 597

17.1 Introduction 597

17.2 Historical background 599

17.3 Contributory negligence 602

17.4 Assessment of damages 626

17.5 Voluntary assumption of risk 628

17.6 Defence of joint illegal enterprise and the nature of illegality 644

PART Ⅵ　？Torts 651

CHAPTER 18 Public and Private Nuisance 653

18.1 Introduction 654

18.2 Legal species of nuisance 655

18.3 Tort of private nuisance 666

18.4 Interference with the use and enjoyment of property rights 669

18.5 Activities that offend sensibilities of neighbouring occupiers 677

18.6 Titleto sue 681

18.7 Who may be sued? 682

18.8 Remedies 686

18.9 Defences 688

CHAPTER 19 Breach of Statutory Duty 692

19.1 Historical introduction 693

19.2 Nature of private action for breach of statutory duty 694

19.3 Elements of the action for breach of the statutory duty 699

19.4 Defences 708

CHAPTER 20 Vicarious Liability and Non-delegable Duty of Care: Types of Liability 712

20.1 Introduction 713

20.2 Vicarious liability 714

20.3 Non-delegable dutyofcare 730

20.4 Non-delegable duty of care and vicarious liability 740

20.5 Solidaryand proportionate liability 745

PART Ⅶ Defamation 757

CHAPTER 21 Establishing Defamation 759

21.1 Introduction 760

21.2 Libel and slander 763

21.3 Cause of action for publication of defamatory matter 764

21.4 Elements of the cause of action 768

21.5 Element 1: The matter conveys a defamatory imputation or imputations 768

21.6 Element 2: The matter identifies, or is capable of identifying, the plaintiff as the person defamed 781

21.7 Element 3: The matter has been published by the defendant to at least one person other than the plaintiff 784

21.8 Procedural matters 788

CHAPTER 22 Defences and Remedies in Defamation Law 791

22.1 Introduction to defences 792

22.2 Justification 792

22.3 Honest opinion 798

22.4 Absolute privilege 805

22.5 Public documents 807

22.6 Reports of proceedings of public concern 809

22.7 Common law qualified privilege 811

22.8 Statutory qualified privilege 824

22.9 Triviality 828

22.10 The effect of an apology on liability 829

22.11 Remedies 829

22.12 Limitation periods 832

22.13 Offers to make amends 833

Index 835