化学传感器：仿真与建模 第4卷 光学传感器 下 英文影印版PDF电子书下载

7 NOVEL LONG-PERIOD FIBER GRATING SENSOR BASED ON DUAL-PEAK RESONANCE AND SPR&Zhenqtian Gu 227

1 Introduction 227

2 Dual Peak Resonance in Coated LPFG 231

2.1 Coupled Theoretical Analysis of Coated LPFG 231

2.2 Determination of Dual Resonance Wavelengths 232

2.3 Transmission Characteristics of Dual Resonance LPFG 235

3 Model Analysis Of SPR-Based LPFG with Metal Coating 239

3.1 Establishing the Complex Characteristic Equation 241

3.2 Equation Solution Method 243

3.3 Intensity Profile of Cladding Mode 248

4 OPtimization of Coated LPFG Sensor Based on DPR and SPR 249

4.1 Definition of Sensor Sensitivity 249

4.2 Optimization of Design of LPFG Sensors 250

5 Dispersion in Metal-Coated LPFG Sensors 255

5.1 Dispersion Expression 255

5.2 Material Dispersion Influence on Resonance Characteristics 257

5.3 Jump Region in Response of Resonance Wavelength 260

5.4 Optimization Based on Consideration of Dispersion 262

6 Conclusion 264

Acknowledgments 266

References 266

8 ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO OPTIMIZATION OF GAS DETECTION USING FABRY-P？ROT INTERFEROMETERS&E.Vargas-Rodriguez H.N.Rutt D.Claudio-Gonzalez R.Rojas Laguna J.A.Andrade-Lucio 271

1 Introduction 271

1.1 Gas Sensor Design 273

2 The Narrow-Gap FPI Gas Sensor 273

2.1 Sensor Response and the Cross-Correlation Spectroscopy Principle 275

2.2 Oprimal FPI Mirror Reflectivity 278

2.3 Multiple Gas Sensors Based on the Narrow-Gap Design 279

2.4 Narrow-Gap Sensor Design with a Narrow Band-Pass Filter 281

2.5 Narrow-Gap Sensor Design and MEMS 283

3 The Wide-Gap FPI Gas Sensor 284

3.1 The Convolution Method 286

4 Internal Reflection Effects 300

5 Conclusions 301

References 302

9 SPECTROSCOPIC MODELING OF MID-INFRARED CHEMICAL SENSORS&A.Wilk B.Mizaikoff 305

1 Introduction 305

2 Example＃1:Accessing the"Active"Sensing Regions of an ATR Element via Ray Tracing 308

3 Example＃2:Sensor Response Simulation—Toward Virtual Calibrations 318

3.1 Experimental Spectra Acquisition 320

3.2 Dielectric Function Modeling 321

3.3 Model Establishment and Validation 324

3.4 Sensor Response Simulation 329

3.5 Spectrum Prediction 336

4 Example＃3:Extended Applications 338

4.1 Exploration of the Sources of Deviations in Beer's Law Plots 338

4.2 Optical Tolerance Study Ⅰ:Assessing the In-Coupling Ratio—Sharpness of the Focal Point 343

4.3 Optical Tolerance Study Ⅱ:Mirror Misalignment 343

4.4 Shining Light on Experimentally Challenging Domains:Effects of Displacing the In-Coupling OAPM 345

4.5 Extended Sensor Design Evaluation:Simulation of Complex Objects 347

5 Conclusions and Outlook 353

6 Future Trends 354

Acknowledgments 355

References 355

10 FINITE-ELEMENT MODELING OF INFRARED SENSORS&X.Wang S.-S.Kim A.Wilk B.Mizaikoff 363

1 Introduction 363

2 Introduction to FEM Modeling Theory 364

2.1 Electromagnetic Wave Equation 364

2.2 Background on FEM 366

3 Near-Infrared Evanescent Field Sensors:From Simulation to Application 375

3.1 Example 1 376

3.2 Example 2 379

4 From Near-Infrared to Mid-Infrared Sensing:Potential and Challenges 380

4.1 Quantum Cascade Lasers—A Revolution in MIR Sensor Technology 381

4.2 Trends in Miniaturization 382

5 Simulation of Mid-Infrared Evanescent Field Waveguides 384

5.1 Planar Waveguides 384

5.2 Strip/Slot Waveguides 392

6 Conclusions and Outlook 400

References 401

11 DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF OPTICAL GAS SENSOR SYSTEMS&I.Sieber U.Gengenbach 405

1 Introduction 405

1.1 Gas Sensing Based on the Lambert-Beer Law 405

1.2 State of the Art of Folded-Optical-Path Gas Sensor Cells 408

1.3 General Setup of Multipass Gas Sensors 412

2 Design of Optical Multipass Gas Sensor Cells 418

2.1 General Introduction to Design Methodology for Optical Multipass Gas Sensor Cells 418

2.2 Design Rules for Optical Multipass Gas Sensor Cells 421

2.3 Case Study:NDIR Gas Sensor for CO2 Detection:Detalled Design 427

3 Modeling and Simulation 432

3.1 Optical Simulation Techniques 432

3.2 Case Study:NDIR Gas Sensor for CO2 Detection:Simulation 435

4 Design Optimization 443

4.1 Optimization Strategy 443

4.2 Case Study:NDIR Gas Sensor for CO2 Detection:Optimization of the Analysis Cell 444

5 Conclusion 449

References 452

12 SIMULATION AND MODELING FOR OPTICAL DESIGN OF LASER REMOTE SENSING FOR GAS MEASUREMENTS&Tatsuo Shiina 455

1 Introduction 455

2 Lidar Techniques 457

2.1 Lidar Structure 457

2.2 Lidar Techniques 462

3 Calculations 464

3.1 Lidar Equation 464

3.2 Simulation 467

3.3 Analysis 471

4 Applications 475

4.1 Mie Lidar 475

4.2 Raman Lidar 478

4.3 LED Mini-Lidar 481

5 Summary 486

References 486

INDEX 489