量子物理的非常规方法PDF电子书下载

1 Ideas and principles 1

Quantum world 1

Probability waves 3

Physical operators 6

Noncommutative physics 10

Moment of momentum 14

Perturbation theory 19

Factorization 21

Oscillator 23

Quantum numbers 27

2 Physics of the electron 31

Hydrogen atom 31

Bohr's formula 33

Matrix elements 37

Dirac's equation 38

Relativistic invariance 43

Spin one-half 46

Pauli's theory 52

Elementary consequences 57

Useful deftnitions 61

Positrons 63

Fine structure 64

Solution according to factorization 68

Magnetic interaction 71

Landau levels 74

Anharmonicity 76

3 Theory of anharmonicity 79

Model Hamiltonian 79

Perturbation method 82

Inclusion of degenerate levels 86

Polynomial formalism 89

Ensemble of anharmonic oscillators 94

General equations 97

Physical interpretation 99

Rules for polynomials 101

Quantum functions 104

Other anharmonic models 106

Morse potential 107

Generalized Morse problem 110

4 Quantum fields 115

Creation and destruction operators 115

Free scalar field 120

Quantization of electromagnetic field 126

Fermi's ideology 128

Electron-positron Dirac field 133

Interaction picture 138

Solution according to perturbation theory 144

Normal product 147

Ultraviolet divergences 152

Regularization of interaction energy 152

5 Radiative corrections 159

Renormalization of mass 159

Anomalous magnetic moment of the electron 165

On the history of radiative corrections 172

Bethe's formula 173

Electromagnetic shift of atomic levels 177

Vacuum polarization 185

Renormalization of charge 192

Dirac's ideas and quantum field theory 193

Bibliography 197