药理学PDF电子书下载

4．影响药物效应的因素及合理用药原则 The Impact Factors on Drug Effect and Principles of Drug Administration 4 1

总论 3

1．绪言 3

Introduction 3

1.1 药理学的定义及任务 Definition of Pharmacology and Its Role 3

目录 3

1.2 药理学的发展史 The History of Pharmacology 4

1.3 新药开发与药品管理 New Drugs Discovery and Drugs Regulation 4

2．药物体内过程和药物代谢动力学 Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics 6

2.1 药物转运 Drug Transport 7

2.2 药物体内过程 Drug Disposition 10

2.3 药物代谢动力学的基本概念 Basic Concepts ofPharmacokinetics 21

3．药物效应动力学 Pharmacodynamics 29

3.1 药物的基本作用 FundamentalAction ofDrug 29

3.2 药物的量效关系 Dose-effectRelationship ofDrug 31

3.3 药物作用机制 MechanismofDrug Action 32

3.4 药物与受体 Drug andReceptor 33

4.1 药物方面的因素 TheFactorsfromDrug 41

4.2 机体方面的因素 The Factors from Organism 42

4.3 合理用药原则 The Principles of Drug Administration 44

Ⅱ 传出神经系统药理学 49

5．自主神经系统药理学概论 Introduction to Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology 49

5.1 传出神经系统的分类 Classification of Efferent Nervous System 49

5.2 传出神经系统的递质与冲动传递 The Transmitters in the Efferent Nervous System and Impulse Transmission 50

5.3 传出神经系统的受体 The Receptors in the Efferent Nervous System 53

5.4 受体－效应器偶联 Receptor-effector Linkage 55

5.5 传出神经系统药物的作用 Drug Action in the Efferent Nervous System 56

6．拟胆碱药 Cholinergic Drugs 58

6.1 胆碱受体激动剂 Cholinoceptor Agonists 58

6.2 抗胆碱酯酶药 Cholinesterase-inhibiting Drugs 62

7．有机磷酸酯类中毒及胆碱酯酶复活药 Organophosphates Poisoning and Cholinesterase Reactivators 67

7.1 有机磷酸酯类中毒 Organophosphates Poisoning 67

7.2 胆碱酯酶复活药 Cholinesterase Reactivator 71

8．胆碱受体阻断药（Ⅰ）——M胆碱受体阻断药 Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs（Ⅰ）—Muscarinic Antagonists 74

8.1 阿托品和莨菪生物碱类 Atropine and Belladonna Alkaloids 74

8.2 阿托品的合成代用品 Synthetic Substitutes for Atropine 81

9．胆碱受体阻断药（Ⅱ）——N胆碱受体阻断药 Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs（Ⅱ）—Nicotinic Antagonists 85

9.1 N1胆碱受体阻断药 N1-Cholinoceptor Blocking Drugs 85

9.2 N2胆碱受体阻断药 N2-CholinoceptorBlocking Drugs 86

10．拟肾上腺素药 Adrenergic Drugs 91

10.1 化学结构和分类 Chemical Structures andClassification 91

10.2 α、β受体激动药 α,β-ReceptorAgonists 92

10.3 α受体激动药 α-ReceptorAgonists 96

10.4 β受体激动药 β-ReceptorAgonists 98

11．抗肾上腺素药 Antiadrenergic Drugs 101

11.1 α肾上腺素受体阻断药 α-AdrenoceptorBlockingDrugs 101

11.2 β肾上腺素受体阻断药 β-AdrenoceptorBlockingDrugs 105

11.3 α和β肾上腺素受体阻断药 α and βAdrenoceptorBlockingDrugs 109

Ⅲ 中枢神经及传入神经系统药理学 113

12．局部麻醉药 Local Anesthetics 113

12.1 基础药理 Basic Pharmacology 113

12.2 临床药理 ClinicalPharmacology 117

12.3 毒性 Toxicity 117

12.4 局部麻醉方法 Local AnesthesiaMethods 118

12.5 常用局麻药 InCommonUsedLocalAnesthetics 119

13．抗焦虑药和催眠药 Anxiolytic and Hypnotics 121

13.1 焦虑与失眠 Anxiety andInsomnia 121

13.2 苯并二氮？类 Benzodiazepines 122

13.3 新型抗焦虑药和催眠药 NewerDrugs forAnxiety and SleepDisorders 127

13.4 巴比妥类 Barbiturates 128

14．抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药 Antiepileptic Drugs and Anticonvulsive Drugs 132

14.1 抗癫痫药 Antiepileptic Drugs 132

14.2 抗惊厥药 Anticonvulsive Drugs 143

15．抗精神病药／抗抑郁药／抗躁狂药 Antipsychotics/Antidepressants/Antimanics 145

15.1 抗精神病药 Antipsychotics 145

15.2 抗抑郁药 Antidepressants 154

15.3 抗躁狂药 Antimanics 160

16．抗帕金森病药 Antiparkinsonism Drugs 163

16.1 抗帕金森病药物治疗的病理生理基础 DrugTreatmentforParkinsonismPathogenesis 163

16.2 影响多巴胺能神经类药 Drugs of Acting Dopaminergic Pathway 166

16.3 中枢胆碱能受体阻断药 MuscarinicReceptorAntagonistsintheCentralNervousSystem 171

17.1 概述 Introduction 173

17．解热镇痛抗炎药 Antipyretic-Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Drugs 173

17.2 常用药物 InCommonUsedDrugs 179

17.3 抗痛风药 DrugsUsedinGout 184

18．阿片类镇痛药及其拮抗剂 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonist 187

18.1 阿片生物碱类 OpiumAlkaloids 187

18.2 人工合成的镇痛药 Synthetic Compounds 195

18.3 阿片受体拮抗剂 OpioidAntagonists 198

Ⅳ 心血管系统药理学 203

19．治疗慢性心功能不全药 Drugs Used in Chronic Cardiac Insufficiency 203

19.1 心力衰竭的病理生理机制和药物作用的环节 Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure and Major Sites of Drug Action 203

19.2 常用药物 InCommonUsedDrugs 205

20.1 钙通道及钙通道阻滞药的分类 Calcium Channel and Classification ofCalcium Channel Blockers 215

20．钙通道阻滞药 Calcium Channel Blockers 215

20.2 钙通道阻滞药的药理作用及临床应用 PharmacologicalEffects andClinicalUsesofCalciumChannelBlockers 218

20.3 常用钙通道阻滞药 In Common Used Calcium Channel Blockers 221

21．抗高血压药 Antihypertensive Agents 223

21.1 利尿药 Diuretics 224

21.2 血管紧张素Ⅰ转化酶抑制药及血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断药 Angiotensin Ⅰ Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Ⅱ Receptor Blockers 226

21.3 钙通道阻滞药 CalciumChannelBlockers 231

21.4 肾上腺素受体阻断药 Adrenergic Blocking Agents 232

21.5 交感神经阻滞药 Sympatholytic Drugs 234

21.6 血管舒张药 Vasodilators 236

21.7 抗高血压药的合理应用 TheRationalApplicationofAntihypertensiveAgents 239

22.1　心绞痛的临床分型 Clinical Classification of Angina Pectoris 242

22．抗心绞痛药 Antianginal Agents 242

22.2　心绞痛的病理生理学 Pathophysiology of Angina Pectoris 243

22.3　常用抗心绞痛药物 InCommonUsedAntianginals 243

23．抗心律失常药 Antiarrhythmic Drugs 251

23.1　心律失常的电生理学基础 Electrophysiology ofArrhythmia 251

23.2　常用抗心律失常药 InCommonUsedAntiarrhythmics 255

23.3　抗心律失常药的电生理作用比较和合理应用 Comparison of Antiarrhythmics on Their Myocardial Electrophysiological Effects and RationalClinicalApplication 262

24．抗动脉粥样硬化药 Antiatherosclerotic Drugs（Antiatherosclerotics） 266

24.1　降血脂药 Lipid-lowering Drugs 266

24.2　抗氧化药 Antioxidants 271

24.4　保护动脉内皮药 AgentsUsedtoProtectArterialEndothelium 272

24.3　多不饱和脂肪酸 PolyunsaturatedFattyAcids 272

Ⅴ 内脏系统药理学及抗组胺药 277

25．利尿药和脱水药 Diuretics and Dehydrants 277

25.1　利尿药 Diuretics 277

25.2　脱水药 Dehydrants 286

26．消化系统药 Drugs Used in Digestive System 289

26.1　抗消化性溃疡药　Antipeptic UlcerDrugs 289

26.2　抗幽门螺杆菌药　AntihelicobacterPylori Drugs 293

26.3　止吐药　　Antiemetics 293

26.4　泻药　Cathartics 295

26.5　止泻药　Antidiarrheal 297

26.6　利胆药　Choleretics 298

27.1　平喘药　Antiasthmatic Drugs 301

27．作用于呼吸系统的药物　Drugs Effected on Respiratory System 301

27.2　镇咳药　Antitussives 307

27.3　祛痰药　Expectorants 308

28.作用于血液系统的药物　Drugs Affecting Blood System 310

28.1　血液凝固机制　Coagulating Mechanism ofBlood System 310

28.2　抗血栓药　AntithromboticDrugs 314

28.3　促凝血药　Coagulants 321

28.4　抗贫血药　AgentsUsedinAnemia 323

28.5　造血细胞生长因子　Hematopoietic GrowthFactors 327

28.6　血浆代用品　Substitutes ofPlasma 329

29．组胺和抗组胺药物　Histamine and Antihistamine Drugs 332

29.1　组胺　Histamine 332

29.2　H1受体阻断药　H1 ReceptorAntagonists 334

29.3　H2受体阻断药　H2 ReceptorAntagonists 336

Ⅵ内分泌系统药理学 341

30．肾上腺皮质激素类药　Adrenocortical Hormones and Related Drugs 341

30.1　引言　Introduction 341

30.2　糖皮质激素类药　Glucocorticoids andRelatedDrugs 343

30.3　盐皮质激素类药　Mineralocorticoids and Related Drugs 355

30.4　促皮质素　Corticotropin 356

30.5　抗肾上腺皮质激素类药　Adrenocortical Antagonists 356

31．性激素类药及避孕药　Sex Hormones and Contraceptives 359

31.1　雌激素类药及雌激素拮抗药　Estrogens andEstrogenAntagonists 359

31.2　孕激素类药 Progestogens 361

31.3　雄激素类药和同化激素类药 Androgens and Anabolic Hormones 362

31.4　避孕药 Contraceptives 365

32．甲状腺激素及抗甲状腺药　Thyroid Hormone and Antithyroid Drugs 369

32.1　甲状腺激素　Thyroid Hormone 369

32.2　抗甲状腺药　AntithyroidDrugs 371

33．胰岛素和抗糖尿病药　Insulin and Antidiabetic Drugs 375

33.1　胰岛素　Insulin 375

33.2　口服降血糖药　Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 380

Ⅶ　化学治疗药物药理学及其他 387

34．人工合成抗菌药　Antibacterial Drugs 387

34.1 喹诺酮类　Quinolones 387

34.2 磺胺类药与甲氧苄啶　Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim 391

34.4 硝基咪唑类　Nitromidazoles 394

34.3 硝基呋喃类　Nitrofurans 394

35．抗生素　Antibiotics 397

35.1 β-内酰胺类　β-Lactams 397

35.2 氨基糖苷类和大观霉素　Aminoglycosides and Spectinomycin 409

35.3 大环内酯类　Macrolides 412

35.4 林可胺类　Lincosamides 415

35.5 四环素类　Tetracyclines 416

35.6 氯霉素类　Chloramphenicols 418

35.7 多肽类　Polypeptides 420

35.8 其他抗生素　Other Antibiotics 422

36．抗真菌药及抗病毒药　Antifungal Drugs and Antiviral Drugs 427

36.1 抗真菌药　Antifungal Drugs 427

36.2 抗病毒药　Antiviral Drugs 430

37.1　抗结核病药　AntituberculosisDrugs 435

37．抗结核病药及抗麻风病药　Antituberculosis Drugs and Antileprosy Drugs 435

37.2　抗麻风病药　Antileprosy Drugs 443

38．肿瘤的化学治疗　Cancer Chemotherapy 446

38.1　细胞增殖和细胞周期　Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle 446

38.2　抗肿瘤药物的分类　TheClassificationofAntineoplasticDrugs 447

38.3　常用抗肿瘤药物　In Common Used Antineoplastic Drugs 449

38.4　抗肿瘤药物的应用原则　TheApplicationPrinciple ofAntineoplasticDrugs 456

39．影响免疫功能的药物　Drugs Affecting Immune Functions 459

39.1　免疫抑制药　Immunosuppressive Drugs 460

39.2　免疫增强药　Immunopotentiating Drugs 464

40.2　基因治疗的技术　TheTechnique ofGeneTherapy 469

40．基因治疗　Gene Therapy 469

40.1　基因治疗的现状　TheActuality of GeneTherapy 469

40.3　基因治疗的应用　The Application ofGene Therapy 472

40.4　基因治疗的利弊　The Advantages and Disadvantages of Gene Therapy 474

40.5　基因治疗中的生物伦理学问题　TheBioethics ofGeneTherapy 474

40.6　基因治疗的前景　The Future ofGene Therapy 475

41．药物伤害效应　Harmful Effect ofDrugs 477

41.1 药物的不良反应及不良反应的类型　AdverseDrugReactions andType oftheAdverseDrugReactions 477

41.2 药物的毒性作用　Toxicity Effectofthe Drugs 478

41.3 常用药物的不良反应及药物的伤害作用　AdverseDrugReactions andHarmfulEffectsofDrugs 480

中文专业词汇索引 484

英文专业词汇索引 502